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Microplastics in Water: Occurrence, Environmental Effects, and Removal Methods
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Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental effects, and removal methods for microplastics in water, finding these contaminants are widespread across drinking water, rivers, and oceans, and that current water treatment technologies are only partially effective at removing them before they reach people.
Microplastics, a group of contaminants, have recently been recognised as significant water pollutants with the potential to have adverse effects on both human health and the environment. The lack of sufficient analytical tools is the main challenge for microplastic...
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Researchers review how microplastics enter drinking water systems and evaluate the limited ability of conventional treatment plants to remove them, underscoring a critical gap in public health protection given that most people worldwide consume tap water processed by these facilities.
Investigation of Microplastics in Water and Wastewater: A Review
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Researchers reviewed the occurrence and detection of microplastics across water and wastewater systems, summarizing contamination levels in different water sources and treatment stages while identifying gaps in sampling and analytical methods that limit understanding of how microplastics cycle through aquatic environments.
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This review found that freshwater environments receive microplastic contamination from multiple sources and that MPs pose toxicological risks to a wide range of freshwater organisms, yet standardized protocols for sampling, identification, and characterization across freshwater systems are still lacking. Since freshwater bodies are primary sources of drinking water globally, the absence of monitoring standards represents a critical gap in understanding and managing microplastic exposure risks for human health.
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This review traced the exponential rise in plastic production since 1950 to over 381 million tons by 2015 and evaluated sustainable management strategies for microplastic water pollution, including source reduction, advanced filtration, and policy frameworks. Addressing microplastic pollution at scale requires systemic approaches that combine upstream production limits with downstream removal technologies, since the volume of particles already in circulation will persist in water systems for generations.
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