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Microplastics as Water Pollutants and Sustainable Management Strategies
Summary
This review traced the exponential rise in plastic production since 1950 to over 381 million tons by 2015 and evaluated sustainable management strategies for microplastic water pollution, including source reduction, advanced filtration, and policy frameworks. Addressing microplastic pollution at scale requires systemic approaches that combine upstream production limits with downstream removal technologies, since the volume of particles already in circulation will persist in water systems for generations.
Since 1950, there has been a notable surge in plastic production, with approximately 381 million tons of plastics being produced by 2015, sparking global apprehension regarding plastic pollution. Microplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm,...