Integrative Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Gills and Digestive Gland of the Combined Exposure to Citalopram and Bezafibrate with Polyethylene Microplastics on Mussels Mytilus Galloprovincialis

Biomarker responses of marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) experimentally exposed to emerging contaminants: pharmaceuticals and microplastics.

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Researchers exposed marine mussels to the antibiotic clarithromycin, the antidepressant venlafaxine, and polystyrene microplastics alone and in combination, finding that the pharmaceuticals caused oxidative stress but that co-exposure with microplastics diminished these effects, likely because microplastics sequestered the drugs.

Integrative oxidative stress biomarkers in gills and digestive gland of the combined exposure to citalopram and bezafibrate with polyethylene microplastics on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis

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Researchers studied how the antidepressant citalopram and the cholesterol drug bezafibrate, combined with polyethylene microplastics, affect Mediterranean mussels. They found that microplastics accumulated in mussel gills and digestive glands and amplified the oxidative stress caused by citalopram. Both pharmaceuticals impaired nerve signaling in the mussels even after a recovery period, suggesting that the combination of drugs and microplastics in coastal waters poses lasting risks to marine organisms.

Muti-Biomarker Approach and IBR Index to Evaluate the Oxidative Stress of Nanoplastic on the Clams, Meretrix meretrix and Sinonovacula constricta

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Researchers exposed two clam species to polystyrene nanoplastics and measured antioxidant enzyme responses across multiple tissues, finding that oxidative stress patterns varied by species, organ, dose, and time, with gills showing the highest sensitivity and damage levels returning to baseline after a recovery period.

Polyethylene Microplastics Induce Concentration- and Time-Dependent Hematophysiological Impairment and Oxidative Stress Following Tissue Accumulation in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus Fasciatus)