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Production of valuable chemicals via multiphase catalytic pyrolysis of hazardous waste expanded polystyrene using low cost CaCO3 solid base catalyst
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Researchers conducted multiphase catalytic pyrolysis of waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) using low-cost calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a solid base catalyst across temperatures from 400 to 700 degrees C. They found that CaCO3 catalysis at 550 degrees C produced pyrolysis oil with 93.24 wt.% styrene monomer content, significantly higher than thermal pyrolysis alone (84.74 wt.%), demonstrating high selectivity toward styrene recovery from plastic waste.
In the present research work, multiphase catalytic pyrolysis (in-situ catalytic cracking) of waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) has been carried out using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a solid base catalyst. The multiphase catalytic pyrolysis of WEPS has been conducted at different temperatures ranging from 400oC to 700oC at a heating rate of 15 oC/min and feed to catalyst ratio of 20:1. The thermal pyrolysis of WEPS has produced a maximum liquid yield of 94.37 wt.% at a reaction temperature of 650oC and heating rate of 15 oC/min. Whereas, the maximum liquid yield of 85.99 wt.% is obtained at a reaction temperature of 550oC and heating rate of 15 oC/min for the multiphase catalytic pyrolysis. The GC-FID analysis confirm that the thermal pyrolysis oil is mainly composed of benzene (0.62 wt.%), toluene (10.21 wt.%), ethylbenzene (0.55 wt.%) and styrene (84.74 wt.%). Whereas, the pyrolysis oil obtained from multiphase catalytic pyrolysis using CaCO3 catalyst contains very high styrene content of 93.24 wt.% along with a very low amount of fuel range hydrocarbons benzene (0.25 wt.%), toluene (2.09 wt.%) and ethyl benzene (0.52 wt.%). Thus, the present study clearly indicates that the basic catalyst CaCO3 shows the high selectivity towards the styrene monomer.
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