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Interaction of Enteric Viruses with Environmental Pollutants
Original title: Interação dos vírus entéricos com poluentes ambientais
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This Portuguese-language review examines how enteric viruses interact with environmental pollutants including heavy metals, microplastics, and organic contaminants found in soil, water, and air. The presence of these pollutants can alter viral survival, persistence, transport, and spread through contaminated water and food pathways.
Os vírus entéricos, que afetam o sistema gastrointestinal humano, podem ser transmitidos por meio da ingestão de água e alimentos contaminados, bem como pelo contato direto com superfícies e pessoas infectadas. Esses vírus interagem com diversos poluentes ambientais, que podem ser originados de fontes industriais, agrícolas ou domésticas, incluindo contaminantes químicos, metais pesados, microplásticos e resíduos orgânicos presentes no solo, ar e águas superficiais e subterrâneas. A presença desses poluentes pode alterar a sobrevivência, persistência, transporte e disseminação dos vírus entéricos, aumentando o risco de contaminação da água e dos alimentos. Além disso, os poluentes ambientais podem resultar na bioacumulação de vírus em plantas e animais aquáticos. Também é importante destacar que esses poluentes têm o potencial de comprometer os processos de tratamento de águas residuárias utilizados atualmente, contribuindo para a ocorrência de surtos de doenças gastrointestinais e afetando a saúde pública. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa sobre as interações entre vírus entéricos e poluentes ambientais desempenha um papel crucial na mitigação desses riscos. É essencial implementar o monitoramento rigoroso da qualidade da água e dos alimentos, bem como adotar medidas de redução da poluição ambiental e o uso de tratamentos adequados para água e esgoto.
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