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A review of the quantitative real-time PCR and Omics approaches applied to study the effects of dietary selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) on fish
Summary
Researchers reviewed how advanced molecular tools — including gene expression analysis and multi-omics approaches — are being used to study the effects of selenium nanoparticles as feed supplements in farmed fish. These tools reveal how nano-selenium influences fish immune function, antioxidant defenses, and overall health at the molecular level.
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace microelement required for the overall health of humans and animals. The importance of Se is mainly related to its participation in the structure of selenoproteins with diverse biological functions, including antioxidant defense, immunity, and thyroid hormone metabolism. The functionality of Se depends on its chemical form (inorganic and organic Se). Due to low toxicity and higher efficacy, Se nanoparticles (nano-Se) have been recently applied in aquafeeds to enhance fish performance. New technological advances have offered different Omics approaches, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to realize molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes. In recent years, Omics approaches have been employed to study nano-Se effects on fish. The present article summarizes the impacts of nano-Se supplementation on fish performance, then reviews the qRT-PCR assay and Omics-based approaches used to study the dietary nano-Se supplementation effects in fish.
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