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Screening the Toxic effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics on Kidney of Adult Male Swiss Albino Mice with Promising Betaine Alleviation
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Researchers found that polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics caused significant kidney damage in mice, including elevated markers of renal stress and structural changes to kidney tissue. The study suggests that pre-treatment with betaine, a naturally occurring compound, may help mitigate some of these harmful effects.
Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics (PET-NPs) are utilized in the production of medical bionic materials and the packaging of beverages. Betaine is a ubiquitous natural constituent present in organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. So, the current investigation tries to find out if PET-NPs could seriously harm mice's kidneys and whether betaine could have any ameliorative effects. In this study, a total of 40 mice were separated into four groups (ten mice in each): Group I (performed as the control group), Group II (received 1000 mg/kg betaine intraperitoneally), Group III (received 200 mg/kg PET-NPs orally), and Group IV (was given betaine first, and after 1 hour, PET-NPs were given at dosages that were the same as those given to groups II and III, respectively) daily for a month. Serum and kidney samples were collected and processed for biochemical and histological assessments. The current study found that PET-NPs significantly increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels (MDA), while reducing glutathione (GSH) levels. The histological examination revealed multiple histopathological alterations. The PET-NPs-exposed group demonstrated renal corpuscle hypotrophy, a loss of cellular structure in some proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT). The renal medulla exhibits hyalinization, congestion, and degeneration of collecting tubules. Conversely, the pre-administration of betaine results in a decline in BUN, creatinine, and MDA concentrations. Furthermore, there is a rise in GSH levels, and the group pretreated with betaine showed significant improvement in kidney architecture, with the renal cortex showing almost normal architecture and the collecting tubules in the renal medulla slightly improving. In conclusion, betaine showed a promising nephroprotective effect against PET-NP-induced toxicity
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“Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastics Caused Hepatotoxicity in Mice Can be Prevented by Betaine: Molecular and Immunohistochemical Insights”
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Researchers found that polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics caused significant liver damage in mice, including elevated liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and inflammation. When mice were given betaine, a naturally occurring compound, alongside the nanoplastics, the liver damage was substantially reduced. The study suggests that betaine may offer a protective effect against nanoplastic-induced liver toxicity, pointing to potential dietary strategies for mitigating harm from plastic particle exposure.
Polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity in adult male Swiss albino mice with amelioration of betaine: a histopathological, neurochemical, and molecular investigation
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Mice exposed to PET nanoplastics (the type found in food packaging and cosmetics) showed signs of brain damage including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced levels of a key brain enzyme. The study also found that the supplement betaine significantly protected against this brain damage, suggesting a potential way to counteract nanoplastic-related neurotoxicity.
Exposure to polyethylene terephthalate nanoplastics elicits renal injury with limited compensation and associated intestinal alterations: A time-resolved multi-omics study.
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Mice given PET nanoplastics by mouth daily for up to 56 days developed worsening kidney damage, including impaired function, inflammation, and oxidative stress, alongside gut barrier damage and changes in gut bacteria. The kidneys' natural defense systems were activated but did not fully prevent the injury.
Renal and Hepatotoxic Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics in Chronically Exposed Albino Rats
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Researchers exposed albino rats to different doses of PET microplastics for 90 days and measured kidney and liver function markers. They found that chronic exposure led to significant changes in serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes, suggesting potential kidney and liver damage at higher doses. The study also found that water stored in PET containers exposed to sunlight showed similar toxic effects, raising concerns about everyday plastic container use.
Sakuranetin counteracts polyethylene microplastics induced nephrotoxic effects via modulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway
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Researchers found that polyethylene microplastics caused kidney damage in rats by increasing oxidative stress and disrupting a key protective cellular pathway. However, when the natural plant compound sakuranetin was administered alongside the microplastics, it significantly reduced the kidney damage by restoring antioxidant defenses. The study suggests that certain natural compounds may help counteract some of the harmful effects of microplastic exposure on organ health.
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