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Microplastics contamination in aquaculture-rich regions: A case study in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia
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This study provides the first assessment of microplastic contamination in milkfish aquaculture ponds in Gresik, Indonesia. Researchers found microplastics in both water and sediment across all sampling sites, with fragments, fibers, films, and pellets of various polymer types present, largely linked to human activities surrounding the ponds.
The widespread use of plastic has resulted in the accumulation of plastic waste across a range of sizes, notably including microplastics (MPs). The introduction of MPs into aquatic ecosystems can lead to the contamination of organisms, mainly fish. This study reports for the first time a quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted on the abundance of MPs encountered in water and sediment of milkfish aquaculture ponds in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Water and sediment samples were collected at three stations between February to April 2021. The abundance of MPs was analyzed through the application of one-way ANOVA tests and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results identified four types of MPs: fragments, fibers, films, and pellets. The highest abundance of MPs in both water (10.40 particle/L) and sediment samples (1.15 particle/g) was observed in March. The predominant MPs size in the water samples is 100-500 μm, while it is below 100 μm in the sediment. The color of the MPs varied across eight colors: black, purple, red, blue, yellow, pink, green, and transparent. The identification of MPs polymers was found to be polypropylene (PP), Polyurethane (PU), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), High-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The presence of MPs in the water column and sediments was correlated with human activities around the ponds. Hence, the abundance of MPs is a source of pollution that has the potential to damage the nutritional quality of farmed milkfish. This study provides important information for the local governments to develop waste management policies for a cleaner environment and improved human health.
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Microplastic Contamination in Fish, Water and Sediment from Milkfish Ponds: Environmental Insights from Kasemen District, Banten Province, Indonesia
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Researchers assessed microplastic contamination in the flesh, intestines, stomach, gills, water, and sediment of milkfish from aquaculture ponds in Kasemen District, Banten Province, Indonesia, across six sampling stations. Microplastics were detected in all matrices, with the study providing environmental insights into how household plastic waste entering ponds degrades and accumulates throughout the aquatic food chain.
Comparison of microplastic abundance in aquaculture ponds of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) at Muara Kamal and Marunda, Jakarta Bay
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Microplastics were found in milkfish and in both water and sediment from aquaculture ponds in Jakarta Bay, with fibers and fragments being most common. As milkfish is widely consumed in Indonesia, this contamination is a direct pathway for microplastics to reach people through their diet.
Identification of Microplastics Content in Sediment, Water and Digestive Channel of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) in Sidoarjo Pond
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Researchers quantified microplastics in sediment, water, and the digestive tracts of milkfish (Chanos chanos) from semi-intensive and traditional ponds in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Microplastic abundance was higher in traditional pond sediments (613 particles per 50 g versus 300 in semi-intensive ponds), and fish from traditional ponds contained more particles (9.5 per individual versus 6), with polyamide being the dominant polymer type.
Analysis of microplastic content in milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the Domas Village aquaculture pond, Pontang District, Serang Regency, Banten Province
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Researchers analyzed the abundance, characteristics, and polymer types of microplastics in milkfish (Chanos chanos) from aquaculture ponds in Domas Village, Banten Province, Indonesia, using purposive sampling and descriptive analysis. The study aimed to document microplastic contamination in farmed milkfish as a contribution to understanding polymer pollution in Indonesian aquaculture systems.
Vertical distribution and sediment accumulation of microplastics in coastal aquaculture ponds of Kalanganyar Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
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Researchers evaluated the vertical distribution and sediment accumulation of microplastics in aquaculture ponds in Kalanganyar Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia, sampling water and sediment across inlet channels, pond interiors, and a nearby river. The study found microplastics throughout the water column and in sediments, with distribution patterns reflecting both hydrodynamic transport and local contamination sources.
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