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Microplastic contamination in soils of urban allotment gardens (Toruń, Poland)
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Researchers conducted a pilot study of microplastic contamination in the soils of urban allotment gardens in Torun, Poland, where residents grow fruits and vegetables. They found high levels of diverse microplastics including polypropylene, polyethylene, and PVC in all soil samples tested. The findings raise concerns about potential human exposure through homegrown food and highlight that garden soils represent an overlooked area of microplastic pollution research.
Abstract Purpose The study of microplastics (MPs) in soils is one of the most important contemporary challenges as they negatively influence soil properties and may adsorb heavy metals and pesticides. Recent data show that they can be transported in the terrestrial food chain, endangering human and animal health. In this pilot study, the qualitative–quantitative analysis of microplastics in soils of allotment gardens, which are mainly used for fruit and vegetable production, was done. Also, sources and environmental risks related to microplastics are discussed. Methods We applied a four-step approach based on standard soil characteristics, density separation of MPs from the soil matrix, stereoscopic microscopy, and Fourier infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Results In all studied topsoils, high abundance and heterogeneity of microplastics were found. Microplastics like polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), phenolic resins (PF), and alkyd resins (AR) were identified. Their sources are not only related to human activities on the allotments, but also deposition with wind or water cannot be excluded. Conclusions We revealed that soil contamination of microplastics in allotment gardens can be a significant environmental problem that has been overlooked in research. Considering the high amount of people who use allotment gardens and the potential environmental risk, soil contamination by microplastics should be monitored.
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