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Pristine and Aged Microplastics Can Nucleate Ice Through Immersion Freezing
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Laboratory experiments showed that microplastics made from four common plastics — polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, and PET — can act as ice nuclei in the atmosphere, and that environmental aging (UV exposure, ozone, acid) changes their ice-nucleating ability. As microplastics are found throughout the atmosphere and even in clouds, this finding suggests they could potentially influence precipitation and cloud formation, with implications for regional weather and climate.
Microplastics (MP) are ubiquitous in the environment; their atmospheric relevance is increasingly recognized. Because of their atmospheric concentrations, a question exists as to whether MP can act as ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere. This study investigates the immersion freezing activity of lab-prepared MP of four different compositions—low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)—using droplet freezing assays. The MP are also exposed to ultraviolet light, ozone, sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfate to mimic environmental aging of the plastics to elucidate the role that these processes play in the ice nucleating activity of MP. Results show that all studied MP act as immersion nuclei and aging processes can modify this ice nucleating activity, leading, primarily, to decreases in ice nucleating activity for LDPE, PP, and PET. The ice nucleating activity of PVC generally increased following aging which we attribute to a cleaning of chemical defects present on the surface of the stock material. Chemical changes were monitored with infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and the growth of a peak at 1650-1800 cm-1 was associated with a decrease in ice nucleating activity while loss of an existing peak in that region was associated with an increase in ice nucleating activity. The studied MP have ice nucleating activities sufficient to be a non-negligible source of ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere if present in sufficiently high concentrations.
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Pristine and Aged Microplastics Can Nucleate Ice through Immersion Freezing
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Researchers tested whether microplastics can act as ice-nucleating particles in the atmosphere and found that all four polymer types studied could trigger ice formation through immersion freezing. Environmental aging processes such as UV exposure and ozone treatment generally decreased ice-nucleating activity for most plastics, though PVC showed increased activity after aging. The findings suggest that airborne microplastics may play a previously unrecognized role in atmospheric ice formation and cloud processes.
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