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Comprehensive Research and Identification of Microplastics in Low-alcohol Drinks

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This study conducted comprehensive identification and characterization of microplastics in an aquatic environment using multiple analytical methods, providing detailed data on particle morphology, polymer composition, and abundance. The results contribute to monitoring baselines for the study region.

Уже давно пластмассовые изделия сделали нашу жизнь проще. Их используют практически во всех отраслях промышленности. Благодаря своей универсальности и доступности пластик считается одним из лучших материалов для сохранения пищевых продуктов. Однако под действием внешних сил, деформации, воздействия УФ и других факторов пластик способен распадаться на мелкие фрагменты, которые носят название микропластик. В настоящее время из-за сложности выявления присутствия микропластика его можно отнести к категории новых загрязнителей. Доказано, что попадание микропластиков в биотические организмы может вызывать физический и окислительный стресс, некроз, апоптоз, воспаление и другие иммунные реакции. Данное исследование было сосредоточено на выявлении путей контаминации слабоалкогольных напитков микропластиком. Было исследовано шесть образцов пива, разлитого в пластиковые бутылки от шести различных брендов. Бутылки были изготовлены из PET. Идентификацию микропластика в пиве проводили с помощью FTIR-спектрометрии (инфракрасное преобразование Фурье) в режиме визуализации — широко распространенного метода для обнаружения и идентификации микропластика в сложных матрицах, таких как продукты питания и напитки. Анализ образцов пива показал наличие микропластика во всех шести образцах. Концентрации микропластика варьировались от 113 частиц/500 мл до 244 частиц/500 мл. Наиболее часто встречающимися микропластиками были CE (51% от общего количества), PET (20% от общего количества) и PA (20% от общего количества). Также были обнаружены другие виды микропластика, в том числе PP, PVC и PS. По размерам большинство идентифицированных микропластиков находилось в диапазоне 50–100 и 100–300 мкм. Волокна были наиболее частым типом обнаруженных микропластических частиц, составляя 68,2% от общего количества микропластических частиц. Возможные источники загрязнения включают сырье, окружающий воздух, а также оборудование и упаковку, выделяющие микропластик. Plastic products have long made our lives easier. They are used in almost all industries. Due to its versatility and availability, plastic is considered one of the best materials for food preservation. However, under the influence of external forces, deformation, exposure to UV and other factors, plastic can disintegrate into small fragments, which are called microplastics. Currently, due to the difficulty of detecting the presence of microplastics, they can be classified as emerging pollutants. It has been proven that the entry of microplastics into biotic organisms can cause physical and oxidative stress, necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation and other immune reactions. This study focused on identifying ways in which low-alcohol drinks are contaminated with microplastics. Six samples of beer bottled in plastic bottles from six different brands were examined. The bottles were made of PET. The identification of microplastics in beer was carried out using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) imaging spectrometry, which is a widely used method for detecting and identifying microplastics in complex matrices such as food and beverages. Analysis of beer samples showed the presence of microplastics in all six samples. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 113 particles/500 ml to 244 particles/500 ml. The most common microplastics were CE (51% of total), PET (20% of total) and PA (20% of total). Other types of microplastics were also found, including PP, PVC and PS. In terms of size, most of the identified microplastics were in the range of 50–100 and 100–300 µm. Fibers were the most common type of microplastic particles detected, accounting for 68.2% of the total microplastic particles. Possible sources of contamination include raw materials, ambient air, and equipment and packaging that release microplastics.

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