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Effect of Electrode Distance, Stirring Speed and Contact Time on Removal of Polyethylene Microplastics (Microbeads) Using Electrocoagulation Method
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This study evaluated electrocoagulation with aluminum electrodes for removing polyethylene microbeads from water, testing the effects of electrode distance, stirring speed, and contact time. The optimized conditions achieved high removal efficiency, demonstrating electrocoagulation as a viable method for microbead-containing greywater treatment.
Abstract: Daily use of personal care products containing microbeads causes severe problems for the aquatic environment. Greywater is a pathway for microbeads to enter domestic waste and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from personal care products. Their tiny size and hydrophobic nature allow microbeads to escape from WWTPs and end up in surface water. Therefore, processing efforts are needed to remove microbeads, one of which is using the electrocoagulation method with aluminum (Al) electrodes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the electrocoagulation process using Al electrodes arranged in a monopolar configuration in a batch reactor to see the effect of variations in distance between electrodes of 1, 2.5, and 3.5 cm, stirring speed of 150, 200, and 250 rpm; with the contact time 60, 120, and 180 minutes in removing microbeads from artificial wastewater. This research shows that the best efficiency value of 99.30% occurs in operating conditions with a distance between electrodes of 2.5 cm, a stirring speed of 150 rpm, and a contact time of 180 minutes. ANOVA results showed that distance between electrodes, stirring speed, and contact time significantly affected microbead removal efficiency (p<0.05). The results of this research can be a reference for alternative tertiary processing at WWTPs.Abstrak: Penggunaan produk perawatan pribadi sehari-hari yang mengandung microbeads menyebabkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan perairan. Greywater merupakan jalur masuknya microbeads ke dalam limbah domestik dan instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) dari produk perawatan pribadi. Ukurannya yang sangat kecil dan sifat hidrofobiknya memungkinkan microbeads keluar dari IPAL dan berakhir ke air permukaan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya pengolahan untuk menyisihkan microbeads, salah satunya dengan menggunakan metode elektrokoagulasi dengan elektroda aluminium (Al). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja proses elektrokoagulasi menggunakan elektroda Al yang disusun dalam konfigurasi monopolar dalam reaktor batch untuk melihat pengaruh variasi jarak antar elektroda 1, 2,5, dan 3,5 cm, kecepatan pengadukan 150, 200, dan 250 rpm, dan waktu kontak 60, 120, dan 180 menit dalam menyisihkan microbeads dari air limbah artifisial. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai efisiensi terbaik sebesar 99,30% terjadi pada kondisi operasi dengan jarak antar elektroda 2,5 cm, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm, dan waktu kontak 180 menit. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jarak antar elektroda, kecepatan pengadukan, dan waktu kontak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi penyisihan microbead (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi referensi alternatif pengolahan tersier di IPAL.
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Analysis of The Effect of Aluminum Electrode Geometry on The Removal of Polyethylene Microbeads Using The Electrocoagulation Method in Greywater
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Researchers developed and tested a cylindrical electrode geometry design for electrocoagulation to remove polyethylene microbeads from greywater, examining how aluminum electrode geometry affects removal efficiency of the small, low-density microbeads that pass through conventional wastewater treatment.
Removal of microplastics by electrocoagulation
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Researchers investigated electrocoagulation (EC) as a microplastic removal method using a fractional factorial design to evaluate electrode type, contact time, agitation speed, and current density, finding that an aluminum anode at 20 A/m2 and 70 rpm achieved 98.04% microplastic removal within 15 minutes with high model accuracy (R2 = 0.99).
Removal of Microbeads from Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation
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Researchers tested electrocoagulation as a method for removing microbeads from wastewater, finding it effectively reduced microbead concentrations and offering it as a promising complement to conventional wastewater treatment technologies.
Electrocoagulation Assessment to Remove Micropolystyrene Particles in Wastewater
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Researchers evaluated the use of electrocoagulation for removing micropolystyrene particles from synthetic wastewater, testing variables like electrode material, current density, and particle size. They found that the process was effective at removing microplastics, with aluminum electrodes and higher current densities achieving the best results. The study supports electrocoagulation as a viable treatment technology for reducing microplastic loads in wastewater.
Parametric study on electro-coagulation for efficient removal of microplastics from reverse osmosis wastewater
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Electro-coagulation (EC) experiments on reverse osmosis concentrate containing over 1,000 microplastic particles per liter across 14 polymer types achieved 95% removal efficiency under optimized conditions (10 mm electrode distance, 3 mA/cm² current, pH 5), with eight polymer types including polypropylene and polyethylene removed at 100%. This demonstrates EC as a practical, low-chemical treatment for eliminating microplastics from wastewater effluents that bypass conventional filtration.
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