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Eco-Microbiology: Discovering Biochemical Enhancers of PET Biodegradation by Piscinibacter sakaiensis
Summary
This paper reviews biochemical strategies for enhancing PET biodegradation by microorganisms, focusing on the discovery and engineering of plastic-degrading enzymes. The review highlights recent advances and remaining challenges in scaling up enzymatic plastic degradation for industrial applications.
Abstract The scale of plastic pollution boggles the mind. Nearly 400 megatons of virgin plastics are produced annually, with an environmental release rate of 80 percent; and plastic waste including micro- and nanoplastics are associated with a plethora of problems. The naturally evolved abilities of plastic-degrading and consuming microbes offer a starting point for generating sustainable and eco-centric solutions to plastic pollution. Here we developed an iterative discovery procedure coupling faster quasi-high-throughput polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dependent bioactivity screens with longer-term PET biodegradation assays to find small molecule and ionic boosters of PET consumption by the bacterium Piscinibacter sakaiensis . We discovered multiple hits supporting greater than 2-fold enhancement of PET biodegradation – with hits belonging to a small but heterogeneous set of compounds and mixtures, suggesting upregulation of PET consumption via multiple paths. This work has the potential to advance the creation of a fermentation-based process for solving PET plastic pollution. Importance Plastic pollution is an urgent environmental issue. In addition, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have become an acute source of worry with discoveries of the global distribution and transport of MNPs, their presence within a diversity of organisms including common foodstuffs and human tissues, and their potential association with declining fertility and various disease states. Solutions are needed and the microbial world offers abundant help via naturally evolved biodegraders of plastic waste. We created a non-genetic method to accelerate polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic biodegradation by Piscinibacter sakaiensis , a bacterium that evolved to slowly but completely consume PET. Our method entails a combination of plastic-dependent bioactivity screens and slower biodegradation tests to find extrinsic biochemical stimulators of PET biodegradation. The conditions we found boost PET biodegradation by over two-fold and provide a foundation for further studies to realize a fermentation-based process needed to solve PET plastic pollution.
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