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Microbiomes of the Aquatic Environment
Summary
This review examines the diversity and ecological roles of microbial communities in aquatic environments, covering microbiomes associated with aquatic insects, plants, fish, phytoplankton, macrophytes, and microplastics, and their interconnected functions in nutrient cycling and primary production. The authors discuss how climate change, eutrophication, and pollution are shifting microbial community composition in ways that threaten the functioning of freshwater and marine ecosystems.
Aquatic microbiomes in an ecosystem consist of diverse microorganisms interacting with each other and their environment. In recent years, ecosystems have faced several challenges from natural and global anthropogenic activities, including climate change, eutrophication, and pollution. Aquatic microbiota shapes the microbial community of aquatic insects, plants, and fish, which are unique to the species and habitat. Hence, a shift in the microbial community in a changing climate can affect the whole ecosystem's functioning. The chapter provides an overview of microbial diversity in aquatic ecosystems, including aquatic organisms, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and microplastics, as well as their interconnected relationships. Further, it also describes how the ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling. Primary production and nutrient metabolism are affected due to shifts in the microbial community in response to emerging stressors and conservation measures.
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