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Oxidative and inflammatory responses to virgin and beached microplastics in marine fish liver
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This study compared oxidative stress and inflammation responses in marine organisms exposed to virgin microplastics versus weathered, beach-collected microplastics. Beached particles, which have undergone environmental aging, triggered different and in some cases stronger toxic responses than their pristine counterparts.
Microplastics (MPs) pose a threat to marine organisms which mistake them for food leading to ingestion-related toxicological effects. Exposure to virgin MPs triggers activation of oxidative stress pathways and increases intestinal and hepatic inflammation. Beached MPs suffer an ageing process that enhances their ability to adsorb pollutants and therefore accentuates their toxicity. Prior studies in Dicentrarchus labrax determined that chemical pollutants act synergistically with MPs in triggering inflammatory responses and dysbiosis in fish intestine, and that plastic additives and contaminants bioaccumulate in fish muscle and liver and can be subject to trophic transfer. Here we assess the effects of beached MP ingestion in Sparus aurata juveniles fed a diet containing either 10 Also see: https://micro2024.sciencesconf.org/558983/document
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Oxidative and inflammatory responses to virgin and beached microplastics in marine fish liver
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This study compared oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in marine fish exposed to virgin versus beached, weathered microplastics, finding that aging changes particle toxicity. Beached microplastics triggered stronger or qualitatively different inflammatory responses than their pristine counterparts, underscoring the importance of using environmentally realistic particles in toxicity studies.
Impact of aged and virgin polyethylene microplastics on multi end-points effects of freshwater fish tissues
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Freshwater fish exposed to polyethylene microplastics for 15 days showed increased oxidative stress in both liver and muscle tissue, with aged, UV-weathered microplastics causing more damage than new ones. The weathering process changed the plastic surface in ways that made the particles more chemically reactive and potentially more harmful. This matters because microplastics in the environment are typically aged, meaning lab studies using only pristine particles may underestimate real-world toxicity.
Evaluation of oxidative stress caused by virgin and environmental microplastics in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata)
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Researchers investigated oxidative stress responses in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) exposed to both virgin microplastics and environmentally collected microplastics, comparing the antioxidant defense responses triggered by each particle type. The study found that environmental microplastics induced distinct oxidative stress patterns relative to virgin particles, highlighting the importance of using field-collected plastics in ecotoxicological studies to better reflect real-world exposure conditions.
Behavioral and molecular effects of micro and nanoplastics across three plastic types in fish: weathered microfibers induce a similar response to nanosized particles
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This study compared the effects of different types of micro and nanoplastics on fish behavior and gene expression, including weathered microfibers that better represent what is actually found in the environment. Weathered microfibers caused behavioral and molecular changes similar to much smaller nanoplastics, suggesting that the aging process makes larger particles more biologically active. This is important because most lab studies use pristine plastic beads, which may underestimate the true toxicity of real-world microplastic pollution.
Impact of virgin and weathered microplastics on zebrafish: Bioaccumulation, developmental toxicity and molecular pathway disruptions
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Researchers compared the effects of brand-new versus environmentally weathered microplastics on zebrafish larvae and found that weathered particles were far more toxic, causing 80% mortality compared to 20% for new plastics. The weathered microplastics triggered more severe disruptions to oxidative stress pathways, cell death signaling, and DNA repair mechanisms. The study emphasizes that laboratory tests using only pristine microplastics may significantly underestimate the real-world dangers of plastic pollution.
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