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Melatonin prevents the transgenerational toxicity of nanoplastics in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Adult zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics for 14 days, with or without melatonin, and their embryos were studied. Parental exposure at 1 mg/L lowered fertilization and survival rates in the offspring and raised deformity rates and oxidative stress. Offspring of fish that also received melatonin showed fewer of these effects.
As a novel pollutant, microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern. Melatonin (MT) has a protective effect on the damage caused by pollutants. However, there is still a lack of research on the transgenerational toxicity of microplastics and the alleviation of microplastics toxicity by MT. In this study, the adult zebrafish was exposed to (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) with or without (1 μM) MT for 14 days, and embryos (F1) were used for experiments. Our study found that long-term exposure of parents to 1 mg/L PSNP reduced fertilization rate and survival rate of offspring, increased the deformity rate and induced embryos to hatch in advance. The growth inhibition of offspring was related to the gene transcription of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis. Moreover, PSNP caused oxidative stress in offspring, damaged immune system, reduced antioxidant capacity and induced apoptosis. MT supplementation could effectively alleviate the developmental toxicity and oxidative damage of offspring, but the negative effects brought by PSNP could not be completely eliminated. Our research provided a new reference for the protective effect of MT on transgenerational toxicity induced by PSNP.
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Adult zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles for 14 days, with or without melatonin. At 1 mg/L the particles shrank gonad and brain size relative to body weight, disrupted reproductive hormone signaling and caused oxidative stress, with differences between males and females. These effects were largely reduced in fish that also received melatonin.
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Mice were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics for 35 days, and their egg cells were then matured in culture. Exposure impaired maturation and fertilization. Adding melatonin to the culture medium restored mitochondrial function, lowered oxidative stress and eased the defects.
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Researchers exposed female zebrafish to polystyrene nanoplastics for six weeks and found the particles disrupted sex hormone levels and oocyte development, reducing egg production in the exposed generation and carrying endocrine disruption effects into unexposed offspring through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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