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Synergistic Uptake of Nanoplastics and Sodium Chloride in Tall Fescue Roots Mediated by Cell Wall Architecture
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Researchers found that combining nanoplastic exposure with salt stress in tall fescue grass produced synergistic harmful effects far exceeding those of either stressor alone, reducing shoot length by 93% and root length by 79%. Charge-mediated interactions between nanoplastics and sodium ions enhanced the uptake of both contaminants into plant tissues. Nanoplastics altered genes related to cell wall structure and membrane permeability, compromising the plant's ability to tolerate salt stress in saline-alkali soils.
Strategic application of irrigation, mulching, and sludge enhances crop yields in saline-alkali soils; however, leading to micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) accumulating in the soil, posing threats to plant growth and environmental safety. This study explored the combined effects of polystyrene (PS)-NPs and salt stress on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Results indicated that compared to exposure to NPs or NaCl individually, the combined stress significantly enhanced the uptake and accumulation of NPs and NaCl in plant tissues, leading to reducing shoot length by 93.3%, root length by 79.1%, and chlorophyll content by 55.7%. These synergistic effects originated from charge-mediated interactions between NPs and Na+ ions. Furthermore, NPs altered expression of genes related to cell wall structure, oxidative stress, and membrane permeability, thereby compromising cell wall integrity and reducing the salt tolerance of tall fescue. This research elucidated physiological and biochemical mechanisms through which NPs exacerbate salt stress, highlighting their environmental risks in saline-alkali soil.
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Evaluating the role of soil EPS in modifying the toxicity potential of the mixture of polystyrene nanoplastics and xenoestrogen, Bisphenol A (BPA) in Allium cepa L.
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This study examined how nanoplastics and the industrial chemical BPA interact in soil, finding that their combined effects on plant cells were worse than either pollutant alone. Positively charged nanoplastics paired with BPA caused the most damage, including cell death, oxidative stress, and chromosomal abnormalities in onion root cells. The findings suggest that the real-world mix of nanoplastics and chemicals in soil may be more harmful to crops than studies of individual pollutants indicate.
Nanoplastic–plant interaction and implications for soil health
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This review summarizes research on how nanoplastics interact with plants in soil environments, finding that these tiny particles can be taken up by roots and transported to all plant organs, including edible parts like grain. Researchers found that nanoplastics induce oxidative stress in plants, inhibiting photosynthesis and growth, and can also carry other soil pollutants into plant tissues. The study highlights significant concerns about nanoplastic contamination entering the food chain through agricultural crops.
A new risk to food security: Co-transport, accumulation, and deterioration of nutritional quality mediated by surface charge of nanoplastics and flame retardants in the soil-crop system.
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Researchers grew rye plants in soil and water containing tiny plastic particles with positive or negative surface charges, combined with a flame retardant chemical. Positively charged particles combined with the flame retardant caused more plant stress, delayed growth, and lower grain weight, fat content, and nutritional quality compared to other treatments.
Effects of microplastics and salt single or combined stresses on growth and physiological responses of maize seedlings
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Researchers studied how microplastics and salt stress, individually and combined, affect the growth of maize seedlings. They found that combined exposure caused more severe damage than either stressor alone, reducing plant biomass, disrupting photosynthesis, and increasing oxidative damage. The findings are relevant to agricultural regions where plastic mulch films break down into microplastics in salt-affected soils, creating compounding stress on crops.
Divergent Responses of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Cell Wall to Cd Phytotoxicity Affected by Continuous Nanoplastics Stimulation
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Researchers exposed rice plants to nanoplastics and cadmium, revealing a dosage-dependent dual effect: low nanoplastic doses immobilized 72% of cadmium in roots, while high doses disrupted cell wall integrity and increased cadmium translocation to shoots by 34%, worsening toxicity.
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