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Eco-environmental responses of Eichhornia crassipes rhizobacteria community to co-stress of per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances and microplastics
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Researchers studied how the combined presence of microplastics and PFAS chemicals affects the bacterial communities living on water hyacinth roots. They found that these pollutants significantly altered the composition and diversity of root-associated bacteria, with different plastic types and chemical combinations producing distinct microbial shifts. The findings suggest that co-contamination by microplastics and PFAS could disrupt the beneficial microbial communities that aquatic plants depend on for healthy growth.
The stabilization of rhizobacteria communities plays a crucial role in sustaining healthy macrophyte growth. In light of increasing evidence of combined pollution from microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), Selecting typical floating macrophyte as a case, this study explored their impacts using hydroponic simulations and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. A total of 31 phyla, 77 classes, 172 orders, 237 families, 332 genera, and 125 rhizobacteria species were identified. Proteobacteria (16.19% to 57.70%) was the dominant phylum, followed by Bacteroidota (12.34% to 44.48%) and Firmicutes (11.31% to 36.36%). In terms of α-diversity, polystyrene (PS) MPs and PFASs significantly impacted community abundance (ACE and PD-tree) rather than evenness (Shannon and Pielou) compared to the control. βMNTD and βNTI analyses revealed that PS MPs enhanced deterministic assembly processes driven by F-53B and GenX, while mitigating those induced by PFOA and PFOS. Contamination treatments narrowed the ecological niche breadths at both the phylum (5% (PS) to 49.91% (PS & PFOA)) and genus levels (8% (PS) to 63.96% (PS & PFOA)). Functionally, MPs and PFASs decreased the anaerobic capacity and ammonia nitrogen utilization of rhizosphere bacteria. This study enhances our understanding of the microecological responses of macrophyte-associated bacteria to combined MP and PFAS contamination and offers insights into ecological restoration strategies and mitigating associated environmental risks.
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Scientists studied how microplastics and "forever chemicals" (PFAS) together affect water hyacinth plants used to clean up polluted water, finding that the mix of plastic types disrupts the helpful bacteria and fungi living on plant roots, which in turn affects how well the plants remove pollutants from water. This matters because floating plants like these are used in real-world water treatment systems, and understanding how combined plastic and PFAS pollution weakens their cleanup power could help us design better, more effective ways to filter contaminants out of drinking water sources.
The bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of co-exposure of per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances and polystyrene microplastics to Eichhornia crassipes
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This study found that when microplastics and forever chemicals (PFAS) coexist in water, the microplastics increase how much PFAS accumulates in water hyacinth plants and worsen the toxic effects compared to PFAS exposure alone. The finding is relevant to human health because it shows microplastics can amplify the harmful effects of other pollutants already present in the environment.
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This study examined how combined exposure to microplastics (PE, PS, PVC) and PFAS compounds affects soil microbial communities, finding that PFASs reduced bacterial diversity while microplastics acted as carriers that amplified contaminant bioavailability, together disrupting community structure and key metabolic functions including defense and lipid metabolism.
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