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Microplastics, as a risk factor in the development of interstitial lung disease- a preliminary study
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In the first study to explore a link between microplastics and interstitial lung disease (a group of conditions causing lung scarring), researchers found microplastics in the lung fluid of 55% of suspected patients, with most of those cases involving the fibrotic form of the disease. The most common plastics found were polyamide, polyester, PVC, and polyurethane, suggesting that inhaled microplastics may be a risk factor for serious lung conditions.
Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a global concern that affects all living organisms, yet research on MP-related disorders in humans, including incidence and symptoms, remains limited. In this study, the presence, composition, and characterization of MPs in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which reflects lung tissue, and blood were examined. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed to collect BAL samples from patients suspected of having interstitial lung disease (ILD) as well as from a control group. MPs were identified and measured using μ-Raman techniques. In BAL samples, the most common MPs color observed was grey/white, with sizes ranging from 4.19 to 792.00 μm. The particle shapes and polymer types identified included polyamide (PA), polyester (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyurethanes (PU). For blood samples, MPs were predominantly grey/white and blue, with sizes ranging from 13.14 to 20. 29 μm. The identified polymers in blood samples included polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE). MPs were detected in 10 out of 18 patients (55%) suspected of having ILD, with most of these patients presenting with the fibrotic type of the disease. In the control group, two patients whose BAL samples were positive for MPs were found to have chronic lung disease. This study is the first to explore the relationship between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and microplastics (MPs), revealing a tendency for the presence of MPs in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of ILD patients, particularly those with a fibrotic phenotype. Further research is needed to determine the cumulative effects of MPs on human health, especially concerning the respiratory system, which is highly exposed to environmental pollutants.
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