A comprehensive analysis and risk evaluation of microplastics contamination in Australian commercial plant growth substrates: Unveiling the invisible threat
Journal of Hazardous Materials2024
6 citations
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Researchers tested 24 commercial potting mixes and composts sold in Australia and found microplastic contamination in every product, with concentrations ranging from 233 to over 7,000 particles per kilogram. Fragments and fibers were the most common types, and several concerning polymers were identified. The study highlights that gardening products are an overlooked pathway for introducing microplastics into home and agricultural soils.
In Australia, quality standards for composts and potting mixes are defined by AS4454-2012 and AS3743-2012. These standards outline key parameters, including physicochemical properties, nutrient content, and plant toxicity. However, they do not address emerging pollutants like microplastics (< 1 mm). This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of MPs in commercial plant growth substrates (PGS), including nineteen potting mixes and five composts, revealing a significant occurrence of MPs, with concentrations ranging from 233 to 7367 particles Kg<sup>-1</sup> and an average of 1869 ± 109 particles Kg<sup>-1</sup>. MPs categorized by shape, size, and color, with fragments (491 ± 34 particles Kg<sup>-1</sup>), white colour (3700 ± 917 particles Kg<sup>-1</sup>), and size 500 µm being predominant. The polymer composition was diverse, with polyethylene being the most prevalent, followed by polypropylene and others. Polyterpene, Polyalkene, Pentaerythritol, and Propylene glycol were identified in PGS for the first time. The structural equation model showed that physicochemical properties like pH, EC, TOC, and heavy metals influence MPs abundance and characteristics. The Polymer Risk Index and Pollution Load Index indicated varying risk levels among the samples. These findings highlight the need to address MPs contamination in PGS to ensure ecosystem safety and human health.