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Polyethylene microplastic modulates the toxicity of pentachlorophenol to the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, clone t-ISO
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Researchers studied how polyethylene microplastics interact with the pesticide pentachlorophenol to affect the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana. They found that microplastics modulated the toxicity of the pesticide, with the combined exposure producing different effects on photosynthetic pigments and growth than either pollutant alone. The study highlights that microplastics can alter how other environmental contaminants affect marine organisms, complicating risk assessments.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polyethylene microplastic (PE-MP) have been designated as emerging and persistent pollutants, respectively. The combined effects of those pollutants are still unknown, especially to organisms like phytoplankton that may adsorb to their surface. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time the effects of PE-MP alone and in combination with PCP on the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, clone t-ISO following 72 h of exposure. Photosynthetic pigments amounts, carotenoid, protein, carbohydrate and fatty acids have been assessed. Acute toxicity test showed that the 72 h median inhibition concentration (72 h-EC50) was 148.2, 0.66 and 087 mg L-1 for PE-MP, PCP and their mixture. The utmost effects in growth inhibition rates were noted with 0.5 and 1.25 mg L-1 PCP (23% and 85%, respectively), and 100 and 300 mg L-1 PE-MP (49% and 64%, respectively). Moreover, it was found that those concentrations had a major impact on the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acids amounts in algal cells. Furthermore, levels of H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), indicated the induction of an oxidative stress in algal cells. It appears that adding PE-MP at a no-effect concentration (25 mg L-1) reduces the toxicity caused by PCP due to its adsorption to polyethylene microplastics.
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Effect of microplastics on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, clone t-ISO
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Researchers tested how polyethylene microplastics affect the toxicity of the pesticide chlorpyrifos to the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana. While microplastics alone did not impair algal growth, chlorpyrifos caused significant growth inhibition at higher concentrations. When microplastics were loaded with chlorpyrifos, they partially reduced the pesticide's toxicity by adsorbing it, though at higher pesticide doses the combined exposure still inhibited algal growth.
The combined toxicity influence of microplastics and nonylphenol on microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa
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Researchers examined the combined toxicity of nonylphenol and several types of microplastics on the freshwater microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The study found that microplastics of different polymer types and sizes interacted with nonylphenol in complex ways, affecting algal growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzyme activity, demonstrating that co-exposure to microplastics and organic pollutants can produce combined toxic effects.
Integrated physiological and transcriptomic evidence for enhanced phenanthrene toxicity under microplastics co-exposure in the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana
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Researchers co-exposed the marine microalga Isochrysis galbana to polystyrene microplastics and phenanthrene and found that combined exposure reduced cell density by more than 50% and elevated intracellular phenanthrene concentrations, with transcriptomics confirming that MPs act as vectors enhancing contaminant bioavailability and triggering a metabolic shift from growth to stress response.
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Researchers studied what happens when the antibiotic chloramphenicol and polystyrene microplastics are present together in water containing blue-green algae. The study found that the combined exposure was more toxic to the algae than either pollutant alone, disrupting photosynthesis and gene expression. The findings suggest that microplastics and antibiotics may interact in ways that amplify their harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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