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Probing Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Microparticles Fabricated via Premix Membrane Emulsification
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Premix membrane emulsification was used to fabricate polypropylene and polyethylene microplastic particles of controlled sizes, and cytotoxicity testing showed size- and type-dependent toxicity, enabling systematic investigation of how particle dimensions affect health impacts.
The increasing prevalence of microparticles of such commodity plastics as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) in ecosystems has raised concerns about their potential environmental and health impacts. For deeper understanding, it is required to correlate the type and size of microplastic particles with their toxicity. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of PE and PP microparticles. By employing the premix membrane emulsification technique, we successfully fabricated PE and PP microplastic particles with the size distributions suitable for probing their size effects. The resulting particles were further sorted using test sieves to attain size-controlled PE and PP microplastic particles. With variations in the type, size, and concentration of the microparticles, in-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using A549 lung carcinoma cells. Our findings suggest that the type, size, and concentration significantly influence cell viability, with PP, smaller sizes, and higher concentrations exhibiting more pronounced cytotoxic effects. The study contributes to research on the consequences of commodity microplastic particles interacting with biological systems, emphasizing the need to consider various parameters of microparticles when assessing their environmental and health risks.
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Comprehensive in vitro polymer type, concentration, and size correlation analysis to microplastic toxicity and inflammation
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Researchers conducted comprehensive in vitro testing of different microplastic polymer types, sizes, and concentrations across three human cell lines. The study found that toxicity and inflammatory responses varied significantly depending on polymer type and surface modification, with amine-modified particles showing the most potent effects, highlighting the importance of plastic-specific parameters in toxicity assessments.
Approaches for the preparation and evaluation of hydrophilic polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate microplastic particles suited for toxicological effect studies
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Researchers developed methods to create large quantities of artificially aged, hydrophilic microplastic particles from PET and polyethylene, eliminating the need for surfactants in toxicity experiments. Using alkaline and acidic treatments, they produced particles smaller than 5 micrometers with significantly increased water compatibility. These standardized, aged particles better represent real-world microplastics and could improve the consistency and relevance of laboratory toxicity studies.
Size-Controlled Preparation of Polyethylene Nanoplastic Particles by Nanoprecipitation and Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms
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Researchers developed a size-controlled method for preparing polyethylene nanoplastic model particles using nanoprecipitation, investigating how polymer solution concentration and volume affect particle size. The study provides a reliable approach for producing well-characterized polyolefin nanoplastics for use in toxicological and environmental research, addressing the previous lack of appropriate model particles for studying the risks of these prevalent plastic contaminants.
Evaluation of potential toxicity of polyethylene microplastics on human derived cell lines
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Researchers tested the toxic effects of two sizes of polyethylene microplastics on human cell lines representing different tissue types. They found that microplastic exposure triggered inflammatory responses and caused cellular damage, with effects varying depending on particle size and cell type. The findings suggest that microplastics commonly encountered in everyday life could pose health risks when they interact with human tissues.
Influence of the polymer type on the impact of microplastic particles
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Researchers compared cellular toxicity of microparticles made from polystyrene, polyethylene, PVC, PLA, and cellulose acetate in murine macrophages and epithelial cells, finding that polymer type influences cytotoxicity and uptake behavior. All particle types were ingested by macrophages, but their surface chemistry and charge affected the degree of cellular damage.
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