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Bioaccumulation and biochemical impact of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics in Cipangopaludina chinensis: Tissue-specific analysis and homeostasis disruption
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This study investigated how PET microplastics accumulate in the tissues of a freshwater snail species from the Songhua River in China. Researchers found that microplastics built up most heavily in kidney tissue and caused measurable disruptions to the animals' enzyme activity, energy metabolism, and internal balance. The findings highlight how microplastics can bioaccumulate in freshwater organisms and interfere with basic biological functions.
Microplastics are a novel pollutant that adversely affect freshwater benthic organisms. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying the bioaccumulation and the toxicity of microplastics. In this study, microplastics bioaccumulation of wild Cipangopaludina chinensis in the Songhua River were utilized, and a 28-day aquatic toxicity test was performed to determine the effects of exposure to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the bioaccumulation of PET, and changes in multiple biomarkers in the muscle, gill, and kidney tissues. The concentration pattern of microplastics was as follows: kidney tissue > muscle tissue > gill tissue. Microplastic ingestion caused AChE inhibition led to significant increases in redox and energy metabolism indicators. Furthermore, the IBR analysis presented a "response-resistance-breakdown" process, indicating that Cipangopaludina chinensis possessed resistance with time (D14 and D21) and concentration (0.10 mg/L and 1.00 mg/L) thresholds. Tissue sensitivity to microplastics was ranked as gill > muscle > kidney, which was the opposite order of microplastic accumulation. These findings implied that less sensitive tissues stored a larger amount of pollutants, suggesting a reduction in tissue sensitivity to microplastics with higher microplastic occurrence rates. This study provides new insights into biological resistance to pollutant stress, warranting further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.
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Researchers examined the effects of environmentally relevant microplastic concentrations on the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, assessing impacts on this benthic invertebrate in an understudied freshwater ecosystem context.
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Researchers investigated microplastic occurrence in water, sediment, and the snail Bellamya aeruginosa from multiple environmental compartments of the Manao River in China, finding microplastics across all matrices with the snail accumulating higher concentrations than surrounding water.
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This study tracked how microplastics transfer through a freshwater food chain, from snails to a commercially important fish species in China. The fish steadily accumulated microplastics over five weeks of eating contaminated snails, with particles moving from the gut into muscle tissue and altering gut bacteria to include more potentially harmful species -- highlighting how microplastics in aquatic food chains could ultimately reach people who eat fish.
Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impact of micro(nano)plastics in aquatic and land snails: Historical review, current research and emerging trends
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This review summarizes the ecotoxicological impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic and land snail species worldwide. Researchers found evidence of microplastic bioaccumulation in 40 gastropod species, with Asia showing the highest contamination levels, and documented harmful effects including behavioral changes, oxidative stress, and tissue damage. The study highlights that toxicity depends on particle composition, shape, and size, and identifies significant research gaps in understanding how these pollutants affect invertebrate communities.
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Researchers exposed freshwater snails from the Ganga River to polystyrene microplastics and found that the particles accumulated in the snails' tissues over 27 days. The microplastics disrupted the snails' antioxidant defense systems and impaired nerve function, as measured by changes in key enzyme levels. The study highlights that bottom-dwelling organisms in freshwater ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to microplastic pollution.
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