Autonomous Beach Cleaner Robot: A Mechatronic and Control Approach for Sustainable Coastal Pollution Management at Peru

The increasing pollution of coastal areas due to microplastics and other solid waste poses significant challenges to marine ecosystems and human health. This research presents the design and development of an autonomous beach cleaner robot aimed at mitigating coastal pollution through advanced mechatronic systems and control technologies. The robot, powered by solar panels and rechargeable batteries, is equipped with an Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller that manages its operations, including waste detection, collection, and navigation. Key features of the design include ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection, L298 motor drivers for controlling movement and sieving mechanisms, and weight sensors for monitoring collected waste. The design methodology follows the V-model approach, ensuring a structured integration of mechanical, electrical, and software components. Preliminary tests indicate that the robot can effectively navigate sandy terrains, detect and avoid obstacles, and collect up to 3 kg of waste per square meter. This autonomous system offers a sustainable and efficient solution for beach cleaning, contributing to the reduction of marine pollution and enhancing the resilience of coastal ecosystems.