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Macro- and micro-plastic accumulation in soils under different intensive farming systems: A case study in Quzhou county, the North China Plain

Environmental Pollution 2024 9 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 45 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Violette Geissen, Xiaomei Yang, Jixiao Cui, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Hanyue Zhang, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Xuejun Liu Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Kai Wang, Jixiao Cui, Kai Wang, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Xiaomei Yang, Jixiao Cui, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, C.J. Ritsema, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Xiaomei Yang, Jixiao Cui, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Jixiao Cui, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, Hanyue Zhang, Hanyue Zhang, Hanyue Zhang, Xuejun Liu Xuejun Liu Xiaomei Yang, Xuejun Liu Xuejun Liu Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Kai Wang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Jixiao Cui, Jixiao Cui, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, Xuejun Liu Hanyue Zhang, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Xuejun Liu Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Xuejun Liu Hanyue Zhang, Xiaomei Yang, Jixiao Cui, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Kai Wang, C.J. Ritsema, Violette Geissen, Jixiao Cui, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Xiaomei Yang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Xuejun Liu Xiaomei Yang, Xuejun Liu Changrong Yan, C.J. Ritsema, Xiaomei Yang, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Jixiao Cui, Xiaomei Yang, Xiaomei Yang, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Xuejun Liu Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Xuejun Liu Xiaomei Yang, Kai Wang, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, C.J. Ritsema, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Violette Geissen, Kai Wang, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, C.J. Ritsema, C.J. Ritsema, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Violette Geissen, Kai Wang, Violette Geissen, C.J. Ritsema, Jixiao Cui, Xuejun Liu Kai Wang, Changrong Yan, Changrong Yan, Xuejun Liu Xuejun Liu Xuejun Liu

Summary

Soil samples from six farming systems in the North China Plain showed macroplastic abundances from 0.2 to 46.8 kg/ha and microplastic concentrations up to 3.7×10⁴ items/kg, with greenhouse and mulched vegetable fields showing the highest contamination.

Polymers

The macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) polluting agricultural soils raise great concerns. Unfortunately, scientists know little about the occurrence of MaPs/MiPs in soil among different farming systems. In this study, we analyzed MaPs/MiPs in soils (0-30 cm) collected from six different farming systems (wheat-maize rotations, cotton, vegetables, permanent orchards, greenhouses with and without mulching) in Quzhou county, the North China Plain, by using fluorescence microscope and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the abundance of MaPs and MiPs ranged from 0.2 to 46.8 kg ha, and 4.1 × 10-3.7 × 10 items kg, respectively. The prominent colors of the MaPs were white and black. The predominant shape, size and chemical composition of soil MiPs were fragments (45-62%), <1 mm (98-99%), and polyethylene (38-43%), respectively. MaPs were mainly detected in the 0-10 cm soil layer. MiP abundance in the 0-10 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in the 20-30 cm soil layers among different farming systems, except for the fields with wheat-maize rotations and permanent orchards (p < 0.05). Overall, cotton fields showed the highest MaP and MiP abundance, followed by vegetable fields and orchards. Redundancy analysis revealed that tillage practices and plastic film management greatly influence the size distribution of MiPs. A strong negative correlation between large-sized plastic fractions (0.2-1 mm) and tillage frequency was tested while the years of application of plastic films and the abundance of plastic residues showed a strong positive correlation with small-sized plastic fractions (<0.2 mm). Our findings conclude that agricultural mulch films are an important source of MaPs and MiPs in agricultural soil and distributions are strongly influenced by agricultural management practices and farming systems. Further studies should take farming systems and farming practices into account, thereby exploring the potential mechanisms of plastic fragmentation and granularization in agricultural soil.

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