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Initial Assessment the Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics on the Growth of Zebrafish Embryos Danio rerio
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Exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to polyethylene microplastics over 96 hours increased mortality rates and caused morphological abnormalities including pericardial edema and yolk sac deformities. The study provided initial toxicological evidence of PE microplastic developmental toxicity in a standard aquatic model organism.
The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of polyethylene (PE) microplastics to mortality rates and morphological changes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by determining the mortality ratio of embryos and changes in embryo morphological structure after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. Zebrafish were obtained from the Faculty of Biology - Hanoi University of Science. 24-hour-old fish embryos were exposed to PE microplastic concentrations of 5; 10; 20; 50 and 100 µg/mL. The results showed that when exposed to microplastics at concentrations of 10 µg/mL or higher, only about 5-10% of mortality embryos and the ratio did not increase with increasing concentration. These embryos died in the first 24 h and the number of dead embryos did not increase throughout the experiment. A similar trend was also observed when evaluating the ratio of morphologically abnormal embryos, embryos with abnormal pericardial edema were observed throughout the experiment at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL. The results showed the potential risk in the using plastic products for the ecological environment.
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polystyrene microplastics during early development and observed serious physical deformities, particularly in the spine, tail, and eyes, despite no increase in mortality. The exposed larvae also showed elevated expression of genes involved in oxidative stress defense and cellular detoxification. The findings suggest that microplastics can disrupt critical developmental stages in freshwater fish even when they do not directly cause death.
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Researchers systematically compared polystyrene and polyethylene micro- and nanoplastics in zebrafish embryos and larvae, finding that nanoplastics caused mortality, impaired hatching, and disrupted swimming behavior at lower concentrations than microplastics, with surface adhesion to embryonic tissues emerging as a likely initiating mechanism for nanoplastic toxicity.
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to nanoplastics for three to five days and measured developmental and behavioral endpoints, finding that plastic accumulation in early development slowed yolk consumption and body growth on day two and increased locomotion while reducing body length by day six — supporting persistent developmental disruption from nanoplastic exposure.
Investigating the Release and Toxicity of Microplastics/Nanoplastics From Single‐Use Plastic Bags to Zebrafish
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Researchers studied how single-use polyethylene bags break down under environmental conditions and tested the resulting microplastic and nanoplastic particles on zebrafish embryos. The fragments released from degraded bags showed higher toxicity than pure polyethylene particles, causing dose-dependent developmental abnormalities including pericardial edema, spinal curvature, and mortality rates up to 93% at the highest concentrations, likely due to chemical additives and degradation products.
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Researchers examined the effects of both pristine and pollutant-contaminated polyethylene microplastics on zebrafish development through chronic exposure. The study assessed how microplastics, both alone and as carriers of adsorbed organic pollutants, affect developing fish. The findings provide new insights into how contaminated microplastics may create additional routes for toxic compounds to enter aquatic food webs.
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