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Smaller sizes of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics mainly stimulate heterotrophic N2O production in aerobic granular sludge systems
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Researchers found that smaller PET microplastics (0.1 mm) more significantly stimulated nitrous oxide production in aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment systems compared to larger particles. The smaller particles inhibited denitrifying metabolism and reduced the activity of enzymes responsible for consuming nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. The study suggests that microplastic contamination in wastewater treatment plants could undermine efforts toward carbon neutrality by increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
Widespread polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET MPs) have played unintended role in nitrous oxide (N2O) turnovers (i.e., production and consumption) at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Mainstream aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems possess potentially strong N2O-sink capability, which may be reduced by PET MPs stress through altering N2O-contributing pathways, electron transfer, and microbial community structures. In this study, the effects of PET MPs with two common particle sizes of effluent from WWTPs (0.1 and 0.5 mm) on N2O turnovers, production pathways and N2O-sink capability were systematically disclosed in AGS systems by a series of biochemical tests and molecular biological means to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The results indicated that 0.1 mm PET MPs could more significantly stimulate N2O production in AGS systems by inhibiting denitrifying metabolism, compared with control and 0.5 mm PET MPs systems. Specifically, 0.1 mm PET MPs slightly increased the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas, reducing N2O yields via promoting the hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation pathway during nitrification. Also, 0.1 mm PET MPs inhibited the electron transport system activities and the relative abundance of N2O reductase, hindering N2O reduction during denitrification. Most importantly, 0.1 mm PET MPs more apparently reduced the N2O-sink capability based on the ratio of N2O reductase gene and nitrite reductase gene.
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Researchers compared how biodegradable and conventional microplastics affect nitrous oxide emissions during wastewater denitrification. They found that biodegradable microplastics actually increased nitrous oxide production more than conventional plastics by serving as an additional carbon source that disrupted the normal denitrification process. The study challenges the assumption that biodegradable plastics are always environmentally preferable, at least in wastewater treatment settings.
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Researchers investigated how polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate microplastics affect pollutant removal in granular sludge wastewater treatment reactors. They found that microplastic type and concentration influenced nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic compound removal rates, with PET particles showing a stronger tendency to accumulate within the biomass. The study indicates that microplastic contamination in wastewater treatment systems may compromise treatment efficiency and alter microbial community dynamics.
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