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Co‑exposure to bisphenols promotes the uptake of nanoplastics by intestinal cells: mechanisms and implications
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The Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Bisphenol A on Five Microplastics Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions
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Researchers found that microplastics can absorb the hormone-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) and then release it in simulated digestive fluids, suggesting that swallowing microplastics may deliver a dose of BPA into the human gut along with the plastic itself.
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This review examined how micro- and nanoplastics disrupt gut microbiota and immune function across aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, with implications for human health. Because the gut microbiome governs immune regulation and metabolic health, microplastic-induced dysbiosis represents a plausible mechanism by which plastic ingestion could drive systemic inflammation and disease beyond the GI tract.
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Researchers reviewed human exposure pathways to microplastics and nanoplastics through seafood, salt, drinking water, inhalation, and skin contact, examining how these particles cross biological barriers to reach organs and trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption with poorly understood long-term consequences.
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This review synthesizes evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics have been detected in human blood, placenta, breast milk, and stool, with emerging associations between internal MNP burdens and inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and potential reproductive effects. Humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and medical interventions, making microplastic accumulation in the body a pressing public health concern requiring urgent research into clinical health outcomes.
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