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Polystyrene Microplastics Impede Growth and Induce Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Endangered Juvenile Horseshoe Crabs (Tachypleus Tridentatus)
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High Microplastic Contamination in Juvenile Tri-Spine Horseshoe Crabs: A Baseline Study of Nursery Habitats in Northern Beibu Gulf, China
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All juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crabs sampled from China's Beibu Gulf contained microplastics in their gastrointestinal tracts at concentrations higher than most other marine benthic invertebrates, despite relatively low microplastic levels in the sediments themselves. This finding from a living-fossil species that spends years in coastal nursery habitats signals widespread microplastic ingestion risk for marine invertebrates and the ecosystems that depend on them.
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Tiny plastic fibers, smaller than a grain of rice, turned out to be more harmful to mud crabs than larger plastic fibers, causing more deaths, damage to their gills, and buildup in their bodies. Since these crabs are part of the food chain that ends up on our plates, this research suggests that smaller microplastic fibers in our oceans could pose a bigger risk to seafood safety than previously thought.
The Impact of Polystyrene Microplastics in Living Organisms; Environmental and Ecological Concerns
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This review comprehensively examined the environmental and ecological impacts of polystyrene microplastics, which readily adsorb both organic and inorganic pollutants and carry them into living organisms. Polystyrene is one of the most widely produced plastics globally, and its breakdown into microplastics creates particles that act as vectors for toxic chemicals in ecosystems and potentially in human bodies.
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Comprehensive toxicity testing of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna showed that 1-µm particles were most toxic (48-h LC50: 23.57 mg/L), reducing swimming speed and feeding behavior while triggering oxidative stress markers including elevated malondialdehyde. These behavioral and biochemical endpoints serve as sensitive early-warning biomarkers for ecological risk, highlighting how nanoscale plastics impair the zooplankton that form the base of aquatic food webs.
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Researchers exposed seahorses to HDPE microplastics carrying benzo[a]pyrene and heavy metals, finding reduced growth, survival, and feeding efficiency alongside elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, with pollutant accumulation in tissues exceeding China's regulatory limits and highlighting microplastics as vectors that amplify contaminant risks in marine food chains.
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