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Drenched in microplastic environment: Physiological and metabolic disruptions in fish
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This literature review synthesized studies on the physiological and metabolic disruptions microplastics cause in fish, finding impacts across multiple organ systems including the liver, gut, gills, and reproductive organs depending on particle type and exposure duration.
Microplastic pollution is an escalating environmental concern, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Fish, as key organisms in these systems, are highly susceptible to the impacts of microplastics, which lead to physiological and metabolic disruptions. The study employed a comprehensive literature search to identify peer-reviewed articles focusing on fish models and organ-specific studies. The findings reveal that microplastic exposure can lead to various adverse effects on fish organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, gills, intestines, brain, and reproductive organs. These effects encompass inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage, metabolic and endocrine disruptions. Species-specific variability exists, with some fish showing higher susceptibility. This review summarizes existing research on the effects of microplastics on fish with a focus on organ-specific damage, metabolic changes, and species-specific responses.
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Effects Of Microplastics On Fish Physiology
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This review examines how microplastic exposure affects fish physiology, covering accumulation patterns in different tissues, effects on organ function including liver and gill damage, antioxidant responses, and potential reproductive health consequences from both solo and combined contaminant exposures.
Microplastics Induced Dysfunctions in Physiology and Behavior of Fish: A Comprehensive Review.
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Researchers comprehensively review how microplastics disrupt fish physiology, documenting effects on growth, blood chemistry, reproduction, oxidative stress, immune function, and behavior — tracing mechanisms from gastrointestinal damage and endocrine disruption to neurotoxicity and transgenerational harm — to inform ecological risk assessment in aquatic and fisheries contexts.
Global meta‐analysis reveals diverse effects of microplastics on freshwater and marine fishes
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This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the effects of microplastics on fish in both freshwater and ocean environments. The findings show that microplastics reduce feeding, impair digestion, slow growth, and weaken immune function in fish, which is concerning because contaminated fish are a major food source for people worldwide.
Microplastics bioaccumulation in fish: Its potential toxic effects on hematology, immune response, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, growth, and reproductive dysfunction
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This review finds that microplastics accumulate primarily in the guts and gills of fish before spreading to other tissues through the bloodstream, causing a cascade of harmful effects including blood changes, immune suppression, nerve damage, and reproductive problems. The severity of harm depends on the size and dose of particles and how long the fish are exposed, with implications for the safety of fish consumed by humans.
Meta-analysis of the effects of microplastic on fish: Insights into growth, survival, reproduction, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota diversity
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A meta-analysis of 3,757 biological endpoints from 85 studies found that microplastic exposure significantly inhibits fish growth, survival, and reproduction while increasing oxidative damage, but does not significantly alter gut microbiota diversity. The severity of toxic effects depends on microplastic type, size, concentration, exposure pathway, and the fish's life stage.
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