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Research on the Effect of Microplastics on Phosphorus in Soil and Water Environment
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This review synthesizes research on how microplastics interact with phosphorus in soil and water environments, finding that adsorption capacity varies with particle size and polymer type, that aging increases adsorption, and that microplastic-phosphorus complexes alter phosphorus migration and bioavailability in ecosystems.
Microplastics are a kind of emerging pollutants that are very widely distributed in soil and water. Phosphorus in soil and water often exceeds the standard due to phosphorus fertilizer. This paper summarizes the interaction of microplastics on phosphorus in water and soil from the aspects of aging, particle size, and species of microplastics. The results show that phosphorus adsorption of microplastics is related to the particle size and type of microplastics. The larger the particle size of the microplastics, the lower the adsorption capacity of phosphorus. Aging microplastics can improve the adsorption capacity of microplastics. After entering the water and soil environment, they may combine with phosphorus to form complexes, thus changing the migration behavior of phosphorus. Microplastics can be used as the carrier of phosphorus, promoting the migration of phosphorus in the soil and water environment under the action of water flow and wind power, so that the pollution range of phosphorus is expanded. Microplastics may affect the chemical form transformation of phosphorus in the soil and water environment. Due to the different types of microplastics, the adsorption intensity of phosphorus is also different.
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This meta-analysis found that microplastics significantly decrease phosphorus availability in soil by 7-56%, driven by particle characteristics, soil properties, and exposure duration. Microplastics alter phosphorus cycling through adsorption, changes in soil chemistry, shifts in microbial communities, and modified phosphatase activity, with implications for farmland fertility management.
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Microplastics from mulching, compost, and sewage sludge accumulate in agricultural soils and disrupt phosphate-solubilizing microbial communities while adsorbing phosphate ions onto polymer surfaces, reducing phosphorus availability and undermining soil fertility. These cascading effects on soil nutrient cycling and microbial ecology represent a serious threat to sustainable agricultural productivity as plastic pollution continues to intensify.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.