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Composting treatment increases the risk of microplastics pollution in process and compost products

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025 25 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 63 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Jiajia Zhang, Yanhua Chen, Jiajia Zhang, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Jiawei Liu, Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Jiawei Liu, Jiajia Zhang, Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Jiawei Liu, Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Yanhua Chen, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Jiajia Zhang, Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Baogui Zhang, Baogui Zhang, Wencheng Ding, Meng Zhao, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Wencheng Ding, Meng Zhao, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Yanhua Chen, Guoyuan Zou Meng Zhao, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Jiawei Liu, Meng Zhao, Guoyuan Zou Yanhua Chen, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Yanhua Chen, Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou Guoyuan Zou

Summary

Researchers found that the composting process actually increases microplastic contamination rather than reducing it, breaking larger plastic pieces into smaller, more numerous particles. Even when visible plastics were sorted out before composting, the final compost still contained thousands of microplastic particles per kilogram. Since compost is widely applied to farm fields, this study reveals an overlooked pathway for microplastics to enter agricultural soil and potentially the food supply.

Polymers

PE PP

Organic compost is a significant carrier of microplastics (MPs) entering agricultural soil. However, the extent of MPs pollution during composting, a widely employed organic waste treatment technology, remains unknown. This study investigated MPs dynamic pollution characteristics during composting and compost products using agricultural wastes as raw materials and quantitatively evaluated ecological risks of MPs pollution. Sorting/screening before and after composting significantly reduced MPs abundance by 29.4 % and 32.1 %, respectively, but substantial quantities of MPs persisted in final compost products. Microplastics were mainly 0.5-1 mm (30.3 %), colored fibers/fragments composed of PP/PE, PE, or PP. Regardless of whether plastics in raw materials were sorted, composting increased MPs abundance from 5133-7867 items kg in raw materials to 5667-11200 items kg in compost products and smaller MPs (<1 mm) proportion from 48.5 % to 54.4 %, while significantly decreased size from 1328 μm to 1093 μm. After composting, MPs exhibited rougher morphologies (folds, cracks, and grooves) and adhered to more mineral colloids, and the pollution level increased. Collectively, composting treatment enhances MPs pollution risk both during composting process and in compost products. These findings present a theoretical reference for the establishment of limit standards for MPs in organic compost.

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