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Microplastics and other pollutants in the aquatic environment: study of interactions and new removal strategies

Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) 2025 Score: 38 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
PEREIRA, INÊS MARIA FERNANDES

Summary

Researchers evaluated iron magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with varying surface modifications -- bare Fe3O4, TEOS-coated, and TEOS+MPS-coated -- for removing four types of microplastics (Nylon 6, PTFE at two sizes, and PMMA) from water, assessing how surface chemistry and synthesis time affect removal efficiency.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de remoção de MPs de águas recorrendo a nanopartículas magnéticas de ferro (MNPs). Foram testados 4 tipos de MPs, Poliamida – Nylon 6 (PA6) de 15-20 μm, Politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) de 20 μm, Politetrafluoretileno (PTFE) de 6-9 μm e Polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) de 15 μm. Foi também estudado o efeito da modificação das MNPs ao nível das camadas adjacentes (Fe3O4MNPs - partículas A1 e B1; Fe3O4MNPs@TEOS - A2 e B2; e Fe3O4MNPs@TEOS@MPS - A3 e B3) e dos tempos de síntese (1 h - partículas A e 30 min - partículas B). Foi feita a caracterização por espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) dos MPs virgens e das MNPs antes e após os ensaios. Foram também analisadas algumas das MNPs por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (SEM) e por microscopia eletrónica de transmissão (TEM). Através dos espectros de FTIR foi possível identificar os grupos funcionais que compõem tanto os MPs como as MNPs, pelas imagens de SEM foi possível aferir a forma das MNPs e pelas análises TEM foi avaliado o respetivo tamanho. Nos ensaios realizados foi possível verificar que a composição das camadas das MNPs influenciam a eficiência de remoção obtida, principalmente pelo tipo de interações que estabelecem com os MPs, tendo sido possível identificar a existência de interações hidrofóbicas entre duas das nanopartículas e o PTFE. Outros fatores, como o tamanho das MNPs e as respetivas concentrações, foram estudados, observando-se que a influência do tamanho das MNPs depende do MP e que no geral para a concentração de 1 g/L foram obtidas percentagens de remoção superiores do que para 0,5 g/L. As percentagens de remoção obtidas encontram-se na gama 31,4 - 54,4 %, para o PA6 (dimensão 15-20 μm), 94,3 - 95,2 % para o PTFE (dimensão de 20 μm), 76,4 - 93,9 % para o PTFE (dimensão 6-9 μm) e 55,0 - 85,8 % para o PMMA (dimensão de 15 μm).

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