A preliminary assessment of microplastics in the waters and sediments of the second-largest freshwater lagoon in India

Pulicat is India's second-largest freshwater lagoon having unique biological ecosystem and economical importance. The lagoon systems are highly polluted by the microplastics (MP) due to anthropogenic activity and microplastics are highly emerging kind of contaminant in the environment. Samples were collected from a part of the lagoon near the mouth region. Morphological identification of microplastics with microscope and polymer identification using ATR-FTIR and Micro-Raman spectroscopy was carried out. From the result, average abundance of the MP particles in surface water ranges 3.12 ± 1.53 particles per 1000 l and 701 ± 198 particles per kg for sediments, respectively. Microplastics < 1 mm (1-1000 microns) are dominant in size. Fibres, fragments and films were most occupied in physical form, respectively, in microplastic samples and polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were the predominant polymer types composited in MP particles. This study concludes that Pulicat lagoon is significantly polluted by microplastic, which is mostly contributed by fishing and mismanagement of plastic wastes.