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Harnessing biomaterials for advanced biosensor and bioelectronic devices development: From natural chromophores to biodegradable substrates and peptide-based detection of nanoplastics
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Researchers developed biosensors using natural materials like grape-derived pigments, cellulose-silk substrates, and enzyme-derived peptides to detect environmental pollutants including nanoplastics. The peptide-based sensor was able to detect polystyrene nanoplastics with high sensitivity. The work demonstrates that sustainable, biomaterial-based sensors could serve as practical tools for monitoring nanoplastic contamination in the environment.
Abstract Biomaterials play a crucial role in advancing biosensor technologies for medical, environmental, and food safety applications. This study investigates natural biomaterials, such as food-derived chromophores, cellulose, and peptides, for high-performance biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Chromophores, namely grape anthocyanins, are potential candidates for the development of artificial retinal devices showing light-responsivity at 435 nm, close to the human blue cone photoreceptors (420 nm), and transient photo-current signals of 15 nA/mm 2 (20 ms, blue-light pulse). Realized cellulose-silk fibroin (SF:CNCs)-based biodegradable substrates are suitable for flexible and sustainable optoelectronic devices, showing transmittance over 40% (400 and 800 nm) and good stress at break (60 MPa at 5%). Peptides, derived from enzymes, are used as biorecognition elements in EGOFETs for detecting polystyrene nanoplastics with a sensitivity of 60.3%/(mg/ml). Through the use of chromophores, SF:CNCs-based substrates, and peptide, new biosensors are developed displaying promising applications in biomedicine, green electronics, and environmental pollution-monitoring. Graphical abstract
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