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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Detection Methods Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Nanoplastics Sign in to save

Size-Dependent Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Freshwater Microalgae After Long-Term Exposure

Water 2025 3 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 58 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Zhangzhen Guo, Zhangzhen Guo, Tao Chen, Mingjun Wang, Mingxing Qin

Summary

Researchers exposed a common freshwater algae species to polystyrene nanoplastics of three different sizes over an extended period. They found that the smallest particles caused the most damage to algae cells, while the largest particles had relatively mild effects, revealing a clear size-dependent toxicity pattern. The study suggests that the tiniest nanoplastic particles in freshwater environments may pose the greatest risk to the base of aquatic food webs.

Polymers
Study Type Environmental

Nanoplastics (NPs), an emerging pollutant distributed in different sizes in the aquatic environment, adversely affect aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge of the effects of NPs of various sizes on phytoplankton, especially freshwater microalgae, is still limited. In this study, we explore the effects of three polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) with different particle sizes (20, 50, and 80 nm) on the chronic toxicity of a widely distributed freshwater microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The results showed that PS-NPs-20, PS-NPs-50, and PS-NPs-80 promoted the growth of C. pyrenoidosa at the early stage of exposure, with the highest promotion rates of 46.1%, 56%, and 86.2%, respectively. PS-NPs-20 and PS-NPs-50 inhibited the photosynthesis and growth of C. pyrenoidosa during the mid- and late-exposure periods and also induced an increase in the secretion of reactive oxygen species and extracellular polymers. The highest inhibition rates were 33.2% and 13.6%, respectively. By contrast, the growth-promoting effect of PS-NPs-80 continued until the middle stage, and it was only at the late stage of exposure that some growth-inhibitory effects occurred, with the highest inhibition rate of only 7.8%. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that PS-NPs-20 damaged algal cells more severely than PS-NPs-50 and PS-NPs-80 on day 21. Notably, a size-dependent effect of PS-NPs was observed on the toxicity of C. pyrenoidosa, but no dose-dependent effect was found. These results will improve our understanding of the toxicity of PS-NPs to microalgae and may provide a basis for evaluating the ecological risk of PS-NPs in freshwater environments.

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