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Microplastic deposition in streams under moving bedforms
Summary
Researchers conducted flume experiments to examine microplastic deposition in sandy streambeds under moving bedform conditions, finding that bedform migration and particle size both control whether microplastics are buried or remain in suspension, with implications for estimating MP residence times in river systems.
Microplastic (MP) is ubiquitously found in aquatic environments and poses a significant environmental challenge. However, what controls MP deposition and burial in river networks is unclear, especially when sediments are in motion. This study addresses this gap by examining the impact of streambed motion and particle size on microplastic deposition in sandy streambeds. Experiments were conducted in a stainless-steel flume (650 cm x 20 cm) filled with 25 cm of silica sand (D50 = 0.6 mm) and water (depth = 12 cm). A centrifugal pump circulated the water and maintained a constant stream water velocity. During the first experiment, the velocity of the water was 0.53 m/s, and the streambed celerity was 4 m/hr. The second experiment was conducted under stationary bedforms, with a water velocity of 0.15 m/s. Polypropylene (PP) fibers at lengths of 25 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, and 2000 μm, and carboxylated Polystyrene (PS) microspheres (diameter of 0.5 μm, 1 μm, and 5 μm) were added to the stream water and their concentration in the water was measured over three days. The deposition of the MP was inferred from the decline of MP in the streamwater. A control experiment was conducted by repeating the same experiments but without sediments. After the relatively fast initial decline in MP, further reduction in MP concentrations in the water occurred due to deposition. Different deposition dynamics were observed for fibers and microspheres. Buried MP particles were partly resuspended during the scouring of the ripples during their movement. It was found that PP fibers 25 μm and 0.5 μm spheres were more mobile in the sediment than longer fibers and larger spheres, respectively. We explain their higher deposition than larger particles by a potential advective movement through the porous media, leading to their transport below the scour zone. PP fibers ≥ 100 μm were immobile within the sediment, and thus, their deposition was only due to burial by the ripple motion. In my presentation I will be comparing the results from the moving bed experiment to the stationary bed experiment and highlight the effect of bed motion. Our results hint at the significant influence of moving sediments on MP and the importance of considering MP size for catchment-scale modeling to predict MP fluxes to oceans. Deposition locations are also likely to be affected by bed motions and thus should be considered when developing effective sampling strategies.
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