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Literature Review: Identifikasi Mikroplastik Terhadap Lingkungan Laut Dan Biota Laut
Summary
This literature review examines five studies on microplastic identification in Indonesian marine environments and biota, characterising abundance, morphology, and polymer type. The review found that fiber and fragment shapes predominate, polystyrene and polycarbonate are the dominant polymers, and microplastic abundance correlates with local population density and human activity, with ingestion by marine organisms posing risks to food chains and human health.
Laut Indonesia diperkirakan menerima kiriman limbah plastik yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan manusia dalam jumlah sangat besar setiap tahunnya. Limbah plastic dapat berubah menjadi mikroplastik yang berukuran 1µm - 5µm, dimana tidak memiliki daya larut dalam air sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan pesisir dan biota laut. Kajian literatur yang dilakukan mengenai dampak mikroplastik terhadap lingkungan pesisir dan biota laut. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah tinjauan pustaka. Database yang digunakan dalam pencarian ini menggunakan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “microplastic, marine microplastic, dan microplastic in biota”, yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Artikel yang didapat ditapis sesuai topik terkait pencemaran mikroplastik di wilayah pesisir, yang dapat terunduh dan artikel yang terbit sejak 2019-2024. Akrtikel yang direview sebanyak 5 artikel yang relevan sesuai dengan topik. Hasil tinjauan pustaka menemukan bahwa kelimpahan mikroplastik di suatu perairan tergantung pada aktivitas dan populasi kepadatan di lokasi tersebut. Dari 5 artikel yang di riview bentuk mikroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah fiber dan fragment, sedangkan polimer mikroplastik yang dominan adalah polystyrene dan polycarbonate. Polimer mikroplastik tersebut jika masuk kedalam biota berpotensi masuk ke dalam rantai makanan serta menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi organisme laut dan manusia yang mengkonsumsinya. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan pustaka, ditemukan bahwa lingkungan perairan laut telah terkontaminasi mikroplastik baik pada sedimen dan air laut. Mikroplastik yang mencemari lingkungan seperti air laut dan sedimen dapat berdampak pada kehidupan biota laut sehingga berpotensi mengkontaminasi biota laut.
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