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Influence of drainage infrastructure and land use on microplastic contamination in urban watersheds
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This field study compared how different types of urban stormwater infrastructure — surface drains versus piped outfalls — contribute to microplastic contamination in streams across two watersheds with contrasting land uses (agricultural/forested versus residential/commercial). Microplastic concentrations and types differed between drainage types and land uses, with developed areas contributing more plastic particles overall. The findings point to stormwater infrastructure design as a lever for reducing the flow of microplastics from cities into freshwater ecosystems.
Stormwater runoff is a significant source of microplastic (MP) contamination in tributaries. However, the role of drainage infrastructure (e.g. surface drains and pipes) and land use in the transport of MPs into freshwater systems is largely unknown. Here, we quantify and compare MP concentrations deposited below surface drains and pipe stormwater outfalls in two distinct urban watersheds: one characterized by agricultural and forested land cover, and the other dominated by residential and commercial development. We compared MP morphologies and abundances upstream and downstream of 20 stormwater outfalls to determine the influence of outfall type on MP accumulation. Three surface water and sediment samples were collected at each sampling location along with measurements of chemical and physical water quality parameters. Microplastics were identified using Nile Red staining, a rapid and effective screening technique suitable for large-scale environmental assessments while minimizing resource-intensive analyses. Fragments were the most abundant MP morphology and were the primary form driving differences in total MP concentrations among the sites. Flow velocity had the greatest impact on plastic concentrations in the sediment, and the accumulation of MPs in surface water increased as water depth decreased. The highest MP concentrations were found at pipe outfalls in both surface water and sediment compared with surface drains. The watershed with more agricultural and forested landcover had higher MP concentrations downstream of both types of drainage infrastructure than the more developed urban watersheds. These findings highlight the importance of considering both land use characteristics and drainage infrastructure when assessing MP input into freshwater systems, providing valuable insights for decision-making on monitoring, retention, and remediation strategies.
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Researchers tracked spatial and temporal microplastic flux dynamics in the watercourses of a small peri-urban catchment, examining how different land use types within the watershed contribute to plastic loading in connected streams. Land use strongly influenced microplastic flux, with urbanized and agricultural sub-catchments contributing proportionally more plastic particles to the waterway network.
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Researchers collected stormwater runoff from three different urban land use types and found microplastics present across all sites, with significant variation in polymer types depending on the area. By using multiple detection techniques, they were able to identify particles as small as 1 micrometer, revealing that the smallest size fractions dominated the total count. The study emphasizes that urban runoff is a major pathway for microplastic pollution reaching waterways.
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Researchers measured microplastic concentrations in stormwater drains across six Perth and Peel catchments with contrasting land uses, finding mean concentrations of 14.2 microplastics per liter with fibrous forms dominant, and demonstrating that catchment land use pattern significantly influences microplastic loading to stormwater systems that transport particles from terrestrial to coastal environments.
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