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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Nanoplastics
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The “plastic spine” phenotype and the spine exposome: emerging links between micro- and nanoplastics and spinal disorders
European Spine Journal
2026
Joshua Samaniego,
Arnold YL Wong,
Karin Wuertz-Kozak,
Hans-Joachim Wilke,
Nathan Lee,
John O’Toole,
Jiří Dvořák,
Robin Pourzal,
Dino Samartzis
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