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The “plastic spine” phenotype and the spine exposome: emerging links between micro- and nanoplastics and spinal disorders
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Researchers reviewed widespread tissue accumulation of microplastics across mammalian species, including humans, documenting that ingested and inhaled particles deposit in organs including the liver, lungs, and gut, where they trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption with potential long-term health consequences.
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This comprehensive review synthesizes recent evidence showing that micro- and nanoplastics accumulate in multiple human organs and examines the biological pathways by which these particles could potentially promote cancer development. As plastic particles are now confirmed inside human tissues, understanding their carcinogenic potential has become one of the most urgent questions in environmental health research.
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