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A review of micro-nanoplastics removal technologies and mechanisms from wastewater
Summary
This review synthesizes removal technologies and mechanisms for micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs, particles smaller than 5 mm) from wastewater treatment plants, which are a major source of MNPs entering natural water systems. Researchers compared physical methods (filtration, adsorption, flotation, coagulation, magnetic separation), chemical methods (photocatalytic degradation, electrooxidation, electrocoagulation), and biological approaches, summarizing the advantages and limitations of each.
塑料由于其优异性能在日常生活中扮演着不可或缺的角色。然而，由于废弃塑料的管理不善引发了严重的塑料污染问题，微纳米塑料（MNPs）作为粒径小于5 mm的塑料，因其粒径小、环境持久性强，已成为威胁生态与人体健康的新兴污染物。污水处理厂是天然水环境中MNPs的重要来源，污水处理厂中MNPs的去除与天然水体中MNPs的丰度密切相关。因此，明晰MNPs的去除机理对于提高污水中MNPs的去除效率至关重要。本文总结了污水处理厂污水中MNPs的去除方法（物理、化学和生物法）及每种方法的优缺点。其中，物理法主要包括过滤法、吸附法、浮选法、混凝法和磁分离法；化学法包括高级氧化法（如，光催化降解法、电氧化法）、电絮凝法、电吸附法、电还原法；生物法包括微生物降解法、膜生物反应器法和微藻吸附法。重点阐述了每种去除方法的去除机理。最后，针对目前污水中MNPs去除的研究现状，对未来的研究重点进行了分析和展望。本文以期为污水中MNPs的有效去除提供理论基础和技术参考，推动污水中MNPs去除方法的进一步发展。