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Optimization of Fenton-like Oxidation for Cyan Printing Dye Removal in the Presence of Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics
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A lab study tested a water treatment method (Fenton-like oxidation) for removing a cyan dye from water that also contained PET microplastic particles. Researchers adjusted factors like acidity, chemical doses and microplastic levels, finding that solution pH and iron catalyst amount most affected dye removal, with higher microplastic levels slightly reducing removal efficiency.
The simultaneous presence of synthetic dyes and microplastics in industrial wastewaters represents an emerging environmental challenge that may significantly influence the performance of advanced oxidation processes. In this study, the efficiency of Fenton-like oxidation for the removal of Cyan printing dye in the presence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics was investigated. Process optimization was performed using a three-level Definitive Screening Design (DSD) by evaluating the effects of five operating parameters, namely initial dye concentration, green-synthesized nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) dosage, PET concentration, solution pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration. The developed statistical model exhibited excellent predictive capability with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.977 and an adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj) of 0.967. Analysis of variance confirmed the statistical significance of the model (p < 0.0001). Statistical analysis revealed that solution pH was the most influential factor affecting Cyan dye removal, followed by nZVI dosage, while H₂O₂ concentration, initial dye con- centration and PET microplastic concentration also showed statisticaly significant effects. In addition, a significant interaction between nZVI dosage and H₂O₂ concentration confirmed the importance of their balanced ratio, wheras increasing PET concentration slightly reduced decolorization efficiency. The maximum experimental decolorization efficiency reached 85%, while model optimization predicted a maximum efficiency of 96% under the following operating conditions: 108.9 mgL⁻¹ initial dye concentration, 48.7 mgFeL⁻¹ nZVI dose, 5.3 gL⁻¹ PET concentration, pH of 5.82 and 4.78 mM hydrogen peroxide. The obtained results demonstrate that efficient treatment of Cyan printing wastewater in the presence of PET microplastics requires simultaneous optimization of all process variables and provide valuable insight into the combined effects of adsorption and oxidation occurring during the Fenton process.
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