Converting Plastic Waste to Energy through Pyrolysis and Gasification

The increasing accumulation of plastic waste (PW) poses a significant environmental challenge worldwide. Pyrolysis and gasification, including co-gasification with other feedstocks such as biomass, are promising thermochemical routes to convert PW into valuable energy products, like liquid fuels, synthetic gas, and char. These methods help minimize PW while producing energy-rich outputs suitable for power generation and chemical production. A key focus is utilizing syngas from gasification as fuel for internal combustion engines, providing a sustainable solution for decentralized energy generation. The current chapter provides an extensive review of the fundamental principles, technological advancements, and associated challenges with pyrolysis, gasification, and co-gasification of plastic waste. Key parameters influencing plastic blend percentages and output performances (oil yield, char yield, gas compositions, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion, tar yield) are discussed, along with the environmental and economic benefits of integrating these technologies into circular economy frameworks. Case studies and real-world applications are also highlighted, demonstrating the capability of these technologies in reducing plastic pollution and fostering sustainable energy production, including their viability for IC engine applications.