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Leveraging Fruit Waste for Biopolymer Production

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This chapter reviews existing research on turning fruit waste into biodegradable materials, such as starch, cellulose, pectin and other plant-based plastics. It compares different extraction methods, including enzyme-based, microwave and ultrasonic techniques, and discusses potential uses in food packaging, medicine and agriculture.

Polymers

The rising environmental concerns surrounding plastic pollution and the depletion of fossil resources have accelerated interest in biodegradable and sustainable alternatives such as biopolymers. This chapter explores the valorization of fruit waste as a renewable and low-cost substrate for biopolymer production, presenting a sustainable solution to both plastic- and agro-waste challenges. Key biopolymers derived from fruit waste—such as starch, cellulose, pectin, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)—are discussed in terms of their market trends, commercial applications, extraction methodologies, physicochemical properties and industrial relevance. A comprehensive comparison of conventional and advanced green extraction technologies is provided, highlighting innovations such as enzymatic, microwave and ultrasonic-assisted techniques. Furthermore, the chapter evaluates the structural attributes, thermal behavior and functional properties of the extracted polymers, linking them to their potential applications in food packaging, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. The chapter underscores the future potential of fruit waste-derived biopolymers in driving the circular bio-economy, offering a pathway toward sustainable materials and zero-waste strategies.

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