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Micro/nanoplastics: from synthesis to assimilation, global environmental impacts, challenges, consequences, and advanced remediation strategies.
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This review summarizes existing research on tiny plastic particles found in water, soil, and air, and how they affect plants, animals, and microorganisms. It also covers methods being developed to remove these particles from the environment, including filtering, chemical treatments, and recycling, while noting that removal methods are still being developed.
Environmental pollution has become a hot research topic and a grave issue throughout the world. The presence of plastic and its derivatives almost everywhere and in every segment of the environment has polluted water (the marine environment), soil, and even the atmosphere. Plants, animals and microorganisms are all equally affected. In this review article, we have discussed in detail the applications of plastics, especially micro/nanoplastics, their global distribution and their uses. The aging of plastic and its consequences on the physical and chemical properties of plastic-based materials is discussed. The effects of micro/nanoplastics on water, soil, plants, crop productivity, and animals (both aquatic and terrestrial) have been discussed in detail. Recycling of plastics (physical and chemical) and techniques for their eradication, including physical, biological and advanced chemical methods, to cope with plastic-based pollution have been discussed. The theory and mechanisms behind the biotic removal, adsorption, density separation, ultrafiltration, froth floatation, ozonation, coagulation, electrocatalytic oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation of micro/nanoplastics to deal with plastic pollution and its impacts properly have been discussed in detail. Although several review articles on the eradication of plastics have been published, and a huge amount of research work to reduce the impacts of plastic-based pollution is underway, the eradication mechanisms are still in the developmental stages and systematic debates are lacking. This review article presents a detailed discussion of the recent expansions in the removal of plastic-based materials and their upcycling into energy-rich compounds. The role of biochar in the removal of plastic-based materials is also debated. Finally, future perspectives and research gaps in the field of plastic-based pollution and the removal of micro/nanoplastics from various sectors of the environment are presented.
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This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.
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This review examines microplastic types, sources, and health effects across land and marine environments, discussing remediation technologies and emphasizing the need for international cooperation to address this global pollution challenge.
State of the Art of Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: Origin and Removal Methods
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This review traces the origins of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution, examining their sources, environmental pathways, and removal methods across water, soil, and air, as well as their instantaneous and long-term effects on living organisms. The study emphasizes that despite recognition as a contaminant since 2004, micro- and nanoplastics remain poorly regulated globally.
Micro/nano-plastics occurrence, identification, risk analysis and mitigation: challenges and perspectives
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This review provides a comprehensive overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering their sources, occurrence in different environments, identification methods, and potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Researchers examined current analytical techniques and found significant gaps in the ability to detect and quantify the smallest plastic particles. The study outlines mitigation strategies including improved waste management, advanced filtration, and biodegradable alternatives.
Nanoplastics in water and wastewater: remediation technologies, challenges, and future perspectives
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This review paper examines methods for removing tiny plastic particles, called nanoplastics, from water and wastewater. It finds that techniques like filtration and chemical treatment often just move the particles elsewhere rather than destroying them, while advanced chemical treatments can break them down under certain conditions. The authors say more testing in real water systems is needed to confirm which methods truly remove nanoplastics.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.