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State of the Art of Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution: Origin and Removal Methods
Summary
This review traces the origins of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution, examining their sources, environmental pathways, and removal methods across water, soil, and air, as well as their instantaneous and long-term effects on living organisms. The study emphasizes that despite recognition as a contaminant since 2004, micro- and nanoplastics remain poorly regulated globally.
Microplastic and nanoplastic are still an invisible problem on a global scale. Recognized as a contaminant only in 2004, microplastic and nanoplastic can have both instantaneous and long-term effects on living organisms at all levels-from molecular and genetic to population. This study examines the primary sources of microplastics and nanoplastics, their environmental hazards to the environment and humans. The factors influencing the degradation of plastic in natural conditions, methods of qualitative and quantitative detection of micro and nanoplastics, and methods of their removal from water are considered.