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Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Adsorptive Water Remediation: Progress, Mechanisms, and Future Directions
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This review pulls together current research on ultra-thin materials called 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, that can act like super-efficient sponges to filter out heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and harmful bacteria from contaminated water. These materials work better than traditional water treatment methods because their unique structure gives them way more surface area to trap pollutants, potentially making it cheaper and faster to clean drinking water sources. This matters because as water contamination grows worldwide, better filtration technology could help protect people from health risks linked to unsafe water, though the authors note more research is needed on cost and safety before these materials are
Urbanization and industrialization have significantly impaired the quality of water resources, putting human health and aquatic ecosystems at risk. Heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, organic pollutants, and microorganisms have found their way into groundwater, rendering a significant portion of this resource unusable. Modern-day monitoring and management approaches cannot be effective without embracing measures that protect and enhance the sustainable use of freshwater resources. Nanotechnology and the use of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are promising avenues for wastewater treatment. Most recent advances in the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), borophene, black phosphorus, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and MXenes, have shown excellent properties, such as an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, controllable electronic band gap, and a large number of active sites on their surfaces. These properties lead to reduced material use, improved mass transport, shorter process durations, and greater efficiency in water purification. This review outlines various types of 2D nanomaterials, their manufacturing routes, and the properties of interest in water treatment, including photocatalysis, filtration, disinfection, and pollutant adsorption. It also examines the mechanisms underlying these processes and compares them with traditional methodologies. The authors highlight current trends and outline the investigation's perspectives to advance the application of nanomaterials for sustainable water purification, emphasizing cost-effectiveness, scalability, environmental considerations, and the toxicity of 2D nanomaterials.
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This review summarizes how two-dimensional nanomaterials such as MXenes, graphene-based materials, and transition metal dichalcogenides can be used to remove microplastics from water. Researchers found these materials show significant promise for microplastic remediation through adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration due to their unique structural properties and chemical stability. The study outlines remaining challenges for scaling these technologies to industrial applications.
Nanosized Graphene‐Based Hybrid Architectures for Combating Microplastic Pollution From Water: Materials Design, Mechanisms, and Applications
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Microplastics, tiny plastic particles now found in our water, food, and even bodies, are a growing health concern, and this review rounds up research on using graphene (a super-thin, highly absorbent material) to filter them out of water. Scientists are engineering different graphene-based materials that can trap microplastics like a magnet or break them down using light-activated reactions, offering a promising path toward cleaner drinking water. While this paper doesn't test the technology itself, it maps out the most effective strategies so far, bringing us closer to practical solutions for reducing our exposure to these pervasive pollutants.
A Review of the Current Research Status of Graphene for the Removal of Microplastics and Antibiotics from Water
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This review assesses the potential of graphene-based materials for microplastic removal from water, evaluating adsorption mechanisms, removal efficiency across particle sizes, and scalability challenges for water treatment applications.
Advanced graphene-based nanotechnologies for remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and microplastics in water
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This review examines how graphene-based nanomaterials can be used to remove both PFAS chemicals and microplastics from water through adsorption, membrane filtration, and photocatalytic degradation. Researchers found that while graphene materials show promising removal capabilities in lab settings due to their high surface area and tunable chemistry, challenges including aggregation, cost, and scalability remain barriers to real-world implementation.
Microplastic contaminant adsorption by graphene oxide layer
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Researchers found that graphene oxide, a carbon-based material, can effectively bind and remove harmful microplastic contaminants like BPA and PET from water through strong molecular interactions. This technology could be developed into filtration systems for large-scale water treatment, helping reduce the amount of microplastic-related chemicals that people are exposed to through drinking water.
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