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Stokes-consistent computational polarimetric reconstruction for label-free imaging of nanoplastic-associated perturbations
Summary
Scientists developed a new imaging technique that uses light patterns (instead of dyes or chemical labels) to detect how nanoplastics affect living tissue, testing it on tiny aquatic organisms called rotifers. The method successfully spotted changes in the digestive system linked to nanoplastic exposure, and was confirmed using a separate imaging method that directly tracked the plastic particles. This tool could help researchers study how nanoplastics — increasingly found in water, food, and even human blood — physically affect living organisms without needing invasive chemical tags, which may eventually support research into their effects on human health.
Polarimetric microscopy offers a label-free readout to probe anisotropy, scattering, and microstructural organization in biological systems, yet quantitative polarization observables become unreliable in low-signal aqueous imaging. In particular, the degree and angle of linear polarization are nonlinear functions of Stokes parameters and are therefore sensitive to noise, under-sampling, and channel-dependent distortions in division-of-focal-plane measurements. Here, we introduce a Stokes-consistent computational polarimetric reconstruction framework for recovering reliable linear polarization observables from low-fidelity aqueous measurements. The proposed Nano-PolarSRN (nano-polarimetric super-resolution network) reconstructs four polarization-resolved channels while constraining the solution in both the image and Stokesderived domains, thereby preserving intensity structure, degree of linear polarization (DoLP), and angle of polarization (AoP). Compared with intensity-supervised reconstruction, the Stokesconsistent framework improves structural fidelity and suppresses physically inconsistent DoLP and AoP artifacts. Applied to live marine rotifers exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics, the method reveals size-dependent polarization perturbations in digestive-vesicle-rich regions. Confocal fluorescence imaging independently confirms nanoplastic uptake, supporting the association between these label-free polarimetric signatures and nanoplastic uptake. This work establishes Stokes-consistent reconstruction as a computational optical strategy for quantitative label-free analysis of nanoplastic-associated perturbations in living aquatic organisms.