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Combined Toxicity Effects and Health Risks of Microplastics and Multiple Pollutants.
Summary
Microplastics don't just harm the body on their own—this review of existing research shows they can act like tiny sponges, soaking up heavy metals, chemicals, antibiotics, and even viruses, then carrying these harmful substances deeper into our cells and organs. This "team-up" effect may make microplastic pollution more dangerous than scientists previously thought, potentially affecting our immune, hormone, brain, and reproductive systems. The takeaway: reducing plastic exposure matters not just because of the plastic itself, but because it may be smuggling other toxins into our bodies too.
Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, are ubiquitously present globally and pose significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. These pollutants not only exert direct toxicity on the environment and living organisms but also influence the toxicity of other pollutants through mechanisms such as adsorption and carrier effects. The health risks of microplastics are multifaceted and complex, involving cellular toxicity, immune dysfunction, and impairments to neurological, endocrine, and reproductive systems. This review summarizes the combined toxic effects of microplastics and heavy metals, organic pollutants, plastic additives, antibiotics, and viruses, exploring their potential mechanisms and influencing factors. The paper suggests that future research should focus on simulating exposure scenarios, examining the long-term effects of exposure, and understanding the health consequences of combined exposures. This will provide new perspectives on the toxic effects of microplastics on the environment and organisms, enhance public awareness of their potential harm, and better address the impact of microplastic pollution on ecosystems.