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Microplastic interference in activated sludge-based domestic wastewater treatment: A lab-scale study

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2026
Nguyen The Viet, Le Tuan Sang, Võ Minh Lộc, Shine Lin Aung, Hien Thi Nguyen

Summary

Tiny plastic particles found in wastewater can mess with the treatment plants that clean our water, making the leftover sludge clump together less effectively and settle poorly, which could let more debris slip through into treated water. While the effect wasn't huge in these short lab tests, it's a signal that as microplastic pollution grows, it might quietly reduce how well our wastewater systems filter out contaminants before that water is released back into the environment — something worth watching as more plastic ends up in our pipes and water supply.

Study Type Environmental

Abstract This study investigated the effects of microplastic (MP) contamination on organic and ammonia removal in laboratory-scale batch aerobic activated sludge systems. Experiments were conducted using both synthetic and actual domestic wastewater, with MPs evaluated at varying concentrations. Results showed that MPs affected COD and ammonia removal, although the impact was not pronounced under a hydraulic retention time of 4–5 hours. Sludge morphology and settling analysis indicated that MPs weakened floc structure, increased porosity, and reduced settling capacity, potentially leading to higher effluent turbidity. High-magnification microscopy and longer reaction times are recommended for further assessment, along with studies on different types of MPs to better understand their impact on biological treatment performance.

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